Suicide with a butcher's bolt

The captive bolt pistol is an atypical firearm exclusively produced and used for butchery of breeding animals, but in some rare cases, it has been used as a lethal weapon for committing suicide by butchers, breeders and other people who have access to such weapons during their professional activities. This study describes the suicide committed by a butcher in the province of Udine (N. Italy) in 2001 who shot himself with his own captive bolt pistol that produced in the right temporal region a circular wound and a bone lesion of the temporal squama with a groove involving the frontal lobe; he died five days later of the fatal consequences of the meningo-encephalic lesions. The medico-legal issues implicated in this case, seen in the light of the data reported in the international literature, illustrate the difficulties faced when diagnosing these types of lesions, bearing in mind their rarity and peculiar nature, and introduce elements of differential diagnosis regarding lesions produced by similar weapons that lead to ascertainment of the event as accidental, suicidal, or homicidal.     

Medical malpractice: a study of case histories by the Forensic Medicine Section of Bari

The learning objectives of this paper are to study the actual extent of medical malpractice, the medical acts at risk, and their impact on mortality. The number of suits filed against physicians for deaths resulting from alleged malpractice and autopsies ordered by the Judicial Authority in cases of possible therapeutic misadventures are rising. A major factor pushing this trend is public mistrust of healthcare providers and public and facilities. This mistrust is partly fueled by the mass media which, often to gain larger audience shares, sensationalizes single cases of real or alleged iatrogenic injury. Further, the potential for astronomic settlements, either from the single doctor or from the healthcare institution, has increased the number of legal proceedings that start on the basis of mere suspicion. In this context, the autopsy becomes an important instrument for shedding light on the situation, and it must be carried out by highly qualified and experienced professionals capable of ascertaining the cause of death, identifying any possible misconduct, and assessing its consequences. We reviewed the data regarding autopsies performed at the Forensic Medicine Section of the Department of Internal and Public Medicine of the University of Bari over 1991 to 2000. We culled the cases alleged malpractice and, from these, identified those in which the death had truly been caused by medical error. This study also allowed us to understand the incidence of lethal therapeutic misadventures and to identify the medical and surgical branches more frequently involved.     

试析当前美国经济走势

美国经济形势自去年第4季度开始趋于严峻,经济增速大幅下降,股市大跌,消费者信心受重挫;制造业濒临衰退,高新技术产业持续不振;失业率、通胀率有所上升等.但由于美经济实力雄厚,基础条件较好,市场对外资吸引力不减;新经济仍有生命力;美在经济全球化中处于有利地位;世界石油价格回落;美联储的调控渐起作用;布什政府出台一系列有利于经济恢复和发展的政策等,美国经济出现衰退的可能性不大.     

民事诉讼标的理论的再构筑

诉讼标的的各家理论众说纷纭 ,没有形成强有力的通说。相反 ,由于各自研究的不断深入 ,反使得理论界出现了混乱。研究诉讼标的 ,不能只局限于学界中的各种理论 ,必须从立法和判例中去寻求新的路径 ,从实务中去考察法官遇到反映诉讼标的理论的案件时遵循的是什么样的原则 ,从而形成一套处理案件所一般适用的方法     

高校社团育人机制的跨文化研究——对中美高校社团的比较分析

中美高校都十分重视学生社团工作，但两国高校社团在与社会的联系程度、社团活动经费的筹集与充裕度、社团经费管理制度方面存在差异。因此，我们要完善政策体系，构建高校社团育人机制政策平台；加强组织领导，健全高校学生社团管理制度；加大资金投入，保证高校社团育人机制良好运行；增强相互交流，强化高校社团育人功能。     

Bureaucrats’ corruption and competition in public administration

Competition in public administration is often advocated as a solution to bureaucrats’ corruption. However, there are no well developed analyses of how competition could succeed and the issue of its detailed design has not been carefully addressed so far. In this paper, we put forward a series of models that help understand what competition in public administration can actually accomplish. We distinguish two different shapes that corruption may take: bribery and extortion, and we demonstrate, under the usual assumption of asymmetric information as to the honesty of the bureaucrats, that while competition is effective in fighting extortion it exacerbates bribery. Given that corruption normally manifests itself simultaneously under the two different shapes, an anti-corruption policy based upon competition is bound to face a serious trade-off: trying to curb one of them through competition implies making the other worse. This result holds, with some differences, under exogenous and endogenous bureaucrats’ “honesty”. The dual aspect of corruption is probably one of the most serious—and so far largely neglected—obstacles to any effective anti-corruption policy.     

论犯罪黑数问题的成因及对策

犯罪黑数，是指事实上犯罪行为已经发生，但由于种种原因未予记载到犯罪统计中的犯罪数量。对实际发生的犯罪事实是否能毫无遗漏的予以追究，就需要排除立案不实、群众不举报以及在制度管理、统计遗漏等方面存在的问题，为切实做好预防工作，要求我们为警方真实立案松绑。同时要建立健全犯罪统计的各项制度、监督机制以及畅通群众的报案渠道和犯罪调查制度。才能有效的消灭犯罪黑数的形成。     

两岸媒体交流历程及展望

文章简要回顾两岸媒体交流的历程,分析存在的问题,阐明两岸媒体交流科学发展的意义并作出展望.     

试析党的制度执行力问题

党的制度执行力问题,是党的制度建设的核心问题,更是当前提高党的建设科学化水平面临的一个亟待解决的问题.文章从制度质量因素、主体行为因素和文化因素等三个方面探究了党的制度执行力问题的产生机理,最后从加强制度建设、优化主体行为和培育先进的执行力文化等三个方面提出了相应的对策思考.