城市基层社会的数字化治理

北京市X区J街道H社区在社会文化建设、社会服务提供、基层民主选举等几个领域内所发生的“治理一应对”的运作过程说明：当前城市基层社会的治理在很多方面表现为一种“数字化治理”模式，治理对象不是社区里的人或事，而是档案、数据、文牍等数字化内容，以此达到掌控基层社会情况、增加合法性、突出政绩等目的。同时，这种治理模式也直接促使社区事务执行者在不断提高文牍技术、注重细节、追求形式化的同时，采取变通、重新解释、选择性关注等方式，形成了新的社区运作逻辑和基层应对策略。     

论我国“小产权房”合法化的实现与障碍

“小产权房”是否合法化的问题已成为“小产权房”问题争论的焦点内容.纵观中国现行法律,不难发现关于“小产权房”“违法”的相关立法之间存在着逻辑上和法律上的种种矛盾与冲突.通过对“小产权房”的立法以及相关法律规章的梳理和分析发现,在我国“小产权房”应当实现合法化.“小产权房”应当拥有明确的法律定位,并应通过立法及相关配套政策的实施促进我国“小产权房”合法化的步伐.     

改府规模与结构优化的维度与性质

政府规模与结构优化是近年来学术界与实践领域特别关注的一个问题.然而,目前的研究主要借助于经济学领域关于政府规模与结构优化的概念体系,而没有形成从公共管理的角度来探讨这一问题的概念体系,由此导致关于政府规模与结构优化的理论研究与实践探索出现某些偏颇.从公共管理的角度上说,我们认为,政府规模就是政府在社会、经济、政治、文化等领域的活动范围以及政府行为对个体或组织的行为所产生的影响;政府规模结构是指政府规模的组织构成、内容构成以及组织-内容匹配性构成.因此,政府规模与结构应该从政府活动、行为及其社会影响三个维度进行优化.     

美国法典1404（a）与非方便法院原则辨析

由于美国法典28卷1404（a）条款的立法规定在功能与措辞上均非常类似普通法上的非方便法院原则，因此很多学者误以为该立法规定与非方便法院原则之间并不存在实质性的差异。然而，这一看法并不正确。事实上，1404（a）条款立法在法律效果、证明标准以及具体适用方面均与非方便法院原则存在显著的区别。     

走向正义的分配——罗尔斯分配正义思想解读

分配正义是建设中国特色社会主义的价值追求,也是构建和谐社会的客观要求。但现实中,由于分配问题导致的贫富差距已经越来越大,可以说解决分配问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步。而罗尔斯提出的分配正义思想不仅在20世纪制度伦理中有着无与伦比的影响,而且在当代主流意识形态中代表着“平等主义”,并且从正义角度的考虑系统地论证了他的平等分配观,其与一般的妒嫉式平等的不同。罗尔斯提出的差别原则,对于我国在市场经济建设中,政府充分发挥宏观调控职能,调节收入的二次分配,缩小贫富差距,有着巨大的理论指导意义。     

What is the best sample for determining the early postmortem period by on-the-spot flow cytometry analysis?

The level of degradation of DNA as a means for determining the time of death has been proposed as a valid adjunct to the classic thanatochronologic methods. The twofold aim of this work was to determine which organ might reveal both a correlation between the percentage of degradation of the DNA and the time lapse since death, and would be easiest to sample and yield the most reproducible results even in technically unfavorable situations such as on-the-spot investigations at the scene of death. A comparison of the spleen, blood, and liver showed that hepatic tissue best meets these specific needs because it shows a virtually linear correlation between the time elapsed since death and the level of degradation of the DNA, and it can easily be sampled at the scene of death by use of a common biopsy needle.     

Bile analysis of drugs in postmortem cases

Bile is, in certain cases, collected together with blood from different sites (heart, brain, femoral), urine and other organs or matrices. This study reports comparative results obtained from the analysis of blood and bile for different drugs found: acetaminophen, amphetamine and related compounds, several antidepressants, several benzodiazepines, cocaine and its metabolites, dextropropoxyphene and its metabolite, hydroxyzine, methadone and metabolite, morphine and codeine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, propranolol, tramadol and its metabolite. Several findings are presented: (1) There were no significant differences in the levels of the compounds among the samples of blood obtained from different sites. (2) Levels in bile are generally several fold higher than those in blood. The mean bile to blood ratios vary from about 1 (for acetaminophen, amphetamine) to about 2000 (for desmethylclobazam). (3) In certain cases (16 over 44), although the drug or its metabolite was not detected in blood from different sites, it was detected in bile. As other authors had advocated, it is very useful to ask the pathologist to take the gall bladder with its contents together with the other samples, in order that the sample of bile can be used in the comprehensive toxicological analysis and therefore be complementary to the other fluids or matrices. An additional advantage for using bile is that the concentrations of drugs or their metabolites are generally several fold higher than their blood concentrations.     

Factors Associated with Physician Discussion of Health Behaviors with Adolescents

Behaviors developed in adolescence influence health later in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of health care provider's discussion of health behaviors with overweight and non-overweight adolescents and identify demographic and health behaviors related to exercise, hours of television viewing, and weight issues associated with these discussions. A Cross sectional survey of urban adolescents was conducted. Trained interviewers administered surveys over a three month period in 2001 at an urban academic pediatric and adolescent clinic. The 252 adolescents surveyed had a mean age of 15 with 49% categorized as being at risk for overweight/overweight and 51% as normal weight using the CDC percentiles for BMI. While 16% of the adolescents reported that their physician or nurse discussed the amount of television they watched, rates of discussion related to exercise (58%), and weight (54%) were much higher. In multivariate analyses, health care provider discussions with adolescents regarding exercise were more common for overweight (O.R.=2.42, 95% C.I. [1.28–4.57]) and at risk for overweight (O.R.=1.98, 95% C.I. [1.03–3.81]) adolescents, whereas physician discussion of television viewing was not associated with weight. Discussions of weight were more common for female (O.R.=2.18, 95% C.I. [1.21–3.95]), African-American (O.R.=2.53, 95% C.I. [1.40–4.57]), and overweight (O.R.=3.92, 95% C.I. [1.97–7.81]) adolescents. Even after adjusting for weight, race and gender strongly influenced the frequency of discussions about weight in physician offices. Although health care providers frequently address weight and exercise with adolescents, more discussions related to sedentary behaviors such as television viewing may be warranted to address adolescent obesity.Received PhD in Epidemiology from University of California, San Diego. Research interests include smoking prevention and cessation among adolescents and health promotion interventions.Received MD from University of Missouri-Kansas City and MPH from Johns Hopkins University. Research interests include health services research and research in support of measurable, systematic improvements in the quality of medical care.Received medical degree from Christian Medical College, Punjab, India and Master of Public Health from University of Kansas School of Medicine. Research interests include diet and physical activity behaviors, role of the environment in obesity and obesity prevention, especially among children and adolescents.Received MBBS from Allama Iqbal Medical College, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan and MPH from University of Kansas Medical Center. Research interests include smoking cessation, database design, implementation, data management and analysis, and use of information technology in health care settings.Director, Cancer Prevention, Control, and Population Sciences, Kansas Cancer Institute. Received MD/MPH from Tulane University and MS from Harvard School of Public Health. Research interests include disparities in healthcare; smoking cessation among underserved populations, specifically African Americans; diet, nutrition, obesity, and physical activity.     

欧盟宪法危机的成因、影响及出路

欧洲迎来了历史上前所未有的和平统一的机会,欧元的成功已进一步地把欧洲的经济融合到一起。政治上,欧盟宪法的起草也给人们以巨大的希望,人们希望看到一个统一、和平的欧洲出现。但在2005年,法国和荷兰先后在全民公决中,否定了《欧盟宪法》,这给欧洲统一的进程蒙上了阴影。本文尝试分析此次危机出现的原因,并进一步探讨危机出现可能带来的影响,以及预测今后欧洲一体化的前景。     

关于《网络著作权》的法律问题

本文界定了网络著作权侵权,探讨了网络著作权的管辖问题、法定许可问题、侵权行为的表现形式以及侵权的责任及赔偿标准等问题。