农业合作化运动中阶级关系若干问题的再思考

农业合作化运动是中国现代化发展的必然选择,但在论证这一选择的合理性时,在阶级关系的论证上存在着明显不足。其原因在于对土地改革后农民自发势力发展方向的认知错误,造成了对农村两极分化状况的误判,并导致了农业合作化运动阶级政策的应用失当。     

以改革的精神积极推进党内民主建设

党内民主是党的生命.中国共产党的党内民主具有特定的内涵.发展党内民主是新时期提高党的领导水平和执政能力、发展社会主义市场经济、建设社会主义政治文明的必然要求.推进党内民主建设,就要坚持与时俱进、大胆创新,积极落实民主集中制原则;探索实行党的代表大会常任制;积极完善党内选举制度并建立与选举制度相配套的弹劾罢免制度;改革完善党内监督制度;建立刚性制度,切实保障党员的民主权利.     

公安院校科研激励博弈分析

公安院校是我国公安科技的主要研究力量。目前公安院校普遍对教师的科研激励不够,缺乏健全的科研管理与制度措施。要运用组织行为学相关理论建立科研激励模型,结合博弈论分析公安院校教师在科研与教学,继续教育和科研项目等选择上的理性行为。     

局部性传媒公共领域的呈现——以报纸的批评性报道为分析对象

本文依据对报纸批评性报道所进行的内容分析的数据,分析了当前传媒批评性报道的两种主要类型作为"治理技术"和作为"社会表达"的批评性报道;并将后者作为当前传媒公共领域的一种实践形态,分析了这一非制度化和局部性传媒公共领域的主要特征缺乏制度支持的不稳定性和局部性特征.     

评死刑废除论的“人道”错位

每个人都平等地享有"人权",而"人道"的核心就是捍卫每个人的人权."人的宝贵与尊严"对于所有的人都是相同的,当一个人强调自己生命的宝贵与人格尊严的时候,他同时应当尊重他人的生命与尊严.法律追求公正与正义,它保护某个人的生命与尊严同时,对其他所有的人施以同样的保护.一个人如果为追求自己的不当利益,公然践踏法律的明文禁令、残酷剥夺他人只有一次的宝贵生命,那他就同社会准则、道德和秩序格格不入,法律就不能再偏袒他的生命.否则,法律的天平就会失衡,法律的不公就会造成社会的混乱.人们不能在口口声声追求法律公正的同时,却以杀人犯受到法律制裁时的心理感受而决定法律的取舍!     

痕迹物证技术在命案侦破中的作用

痕迹物证的检验鉴定技术在打击刑事犯罪中起着重要作用,为案件侦破和审理的顺利进行提供了直接客观的证据。2009年6月4日云南省芒市侦破的一起命案,是成功运用痕迹物证检验鉴定技术破获案件及提供诉讼证据的典范。     

Experimental results on data analysis algorithms for extracting and interpreting edge feature data for duct tape and textile physical fit examinations

A physical fit is an important observation that can result from the forensic analysis of trace evidence as it conveys a high degree of association between two items. However, physical fit examinations can be time-consuming, and potential bias from analysts may affect judgment. To overcome these shortcomings, a data analysis algorithm using mutual information and a decision tree has been developed to support practitioners in interpreting the evidence. We created these tools using data obtained from physical fit examinations of duct tape and textiles analyzed in previous studies, along with the reasoning behind the analysts' decisions. The relative feature importance is described by material type, enhancing the knowledge base in this field. Compared with the human analysis, the algorithms provided accuracies above 90%, with an improved rate of true positives for most duct tape subsets. Conversely, false positives were observed in high-quality scissor cut (HQ-HT-S) duct tape and textiles. As such, it is advised to use these algorithms in tandem with human analysis. Furthermore, the study evaluated the accuracy of physical fits when only partial sample lengths are available. The results of this investigation indicated that acceptable accuracies for correctly identifying true fits and non-fits occurred when at least 35% of a sample length was present. However, lower accuracies were observed for samples prone to stretching or distortion. Therefore, the models described here can provide a valuable supplementary tool but should not be the sole means of evaluating samples.     

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Forensic fractographic features of bone reliably establish crack propagation in perimortem injuries. We investigated if similar fracture surface features characterize postmortem fractures. Experimentally induced peri- and postmortem fractures were used to assess if fractographic features vary as bone elasticity decreases during the postmortem interval (PMI). Thirty-seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males and females aged 33–81 years were fractured at varying PMIs with a drop test frame using a three-point bending setup and recorded with a high-speed camera. Vital statistics, cause of death, PMI length, temperature, humidity, collagen percentage, water loss, fracture energy, and fractography scores were recorded for each sample. Results showed that fractographic features associated with perimortem fractures were expressed in PMIs up to 40,600 accumulated degree hours (ADH), or 60 warm weather days. Hackle was the most consistently expressed feature, occurring in all fractures regardless of ADH. The most variable characteristics were wake features (78.4%) and arrest ridges (70.3%). Collagen percentage did not correlate strongly with ADH (r = −0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic feature expression and ADH or collagen percentage. In conclusion, forensic fractographic features reliably determine initiation and directionality of crack propagation in experimentally induced PMIs up to 40,600 ADH, demonstrating the utility of this method into the recent postmortem interval. This expression of reliable fractographic features throughout the early PMI intimates these characteristics may not be useful standalone features for discerning peri- versus postmortem fractures.     

裁判文书证据说理的实证分析与规诫提炼——以法发〔2018〕10号为中心

证据说理是裁判文书说理的重要组成部分。以问题意识为导向,从价值维度进行辩思,有助于理性认识证据说理的多重功能和作用。与事实认定说理和法律适用说理相比,证据说理的重要性在一定程度上被忽视与低估,还存在说理要素不全、争点不明、逻辑不清、繁简不当、论证不足等问题。为落实裁判文书说理改革对证据说理提出的要求,实有必要提炼证据说理的具体规诫,提升说理的具象化与实践性。     

执行异议虚假诉讼中的犯罪证据收集

2007年民事诉讼法确立执行异议之诉制度以来,案外人的权益得到了切实有效的保护,实现了制度的预期功效,但伴随而来的是异议之诉权利的滥用,尤其是案外人执行异议虚假诉讼,不仅妨害法院强制执行程序的正常推进,阻碍当事人胜诉权益的及时兑现,亦严重损害了司法权威和司法公信力。