刑法视野中的公正与效率价值论析

公正与效率,是21世纪人民法院工作的主题.如何在刑事司法领域实现公正价值,文章从刑罚目的的多元性、罪刑关系的复杂性和刑罚的特性等角度,分析认为,刑法的公正性是一个典型的关系范畴;它在相互矛盾的事物间指"衡平";在界限模糊的事物间指"普遍一致性";在激烈的社会冲突中指秩序、人道与安全.文章还对公正与效率的价值定位作了重点分析,针对法理上所主张的"效率优先、兼顾公平"的见解,提出了异议.     

按照"三个代表"要求塑造南宁城市形象--兼论南宁市创建全国文明城的实践

要把南宁市建设成为经济繁荣、科技发达、社会文明、设施完善、具有民族特色和亚热带风光的现代化园林城市,就要按照江泽民的"三个代表"要求,塑造南宁市经济实力形象、特色文化形象、政府官员形象.     

论刑法中的"国家工作人员"

理论界和司法界对"国家工作人员"的内涵及其外延的争议由来已久,大多数学者曾意图通过揭示其本质来解决此争议,但结果并不令人满意.笔者认为立法的缺陷以及将"国家工作人员"作为一个法律概念是争议产生的主要原因.本文着重从立法和"国家工作人员"的概念这两个层面来探讨此争议,建议用"国家公职人员"这个较为科学的概念来取代"国家工作人员",并对有关"国家工作人员"的刑事立法进行修订.     

Are Developmental Processes Affected by Immigration? Family Processes, Internalizing Behaviors, and Externalizing Behaviors

The current study compared levels of family processes, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors as well as developmental processes, namely the associations among family processes and measures of internalizing or externalizing behaviors, in native Swiss, 2nd and 1st generation immigrant adolescents (N=3,540). Findings provided evidence that both 2nd and 1st generation immigrant youth experienced higher rates of internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) than native Swiss youth. Comparisons of how individual family processes were associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors provided evidence of few differences across groups. Thus, developmental processes were largely invariant by immigrant status. Although the immigration process may increase the risk for internalizing and some externalizing behaviors, it does not seem to affect how key family processes are associated with measures of adolescent adjustment.Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at Auburn University. His research interests include etiological risk factors in adolescent problem behaviors, deviance, and delinquency, criminological theory, and the cross-cultural/cross-national comparative method in the study of human development and behavior. Some of his recent publications have appeared in the Journal of Research on Adolescence, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Vazsonyi is the editor of The Journal of Early Adolescence and an editor of the forthcoming Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior. Doctoral student in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at Auburn University. Her current interests include the importance of parenting and family processes on the etiology of internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as risky sexual behaviors in youth, with a particular emphasis on Hispanic immigrant populations.Doctoral student in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at Auburn University. Her current interests include criminological theory and the etiology of crime and deviance. She is particularly interested in the emerging problems related to crime and deviance in China.     

也谈“萨特的永恒价值何在”

2005年是萨特诞辰一百周年,想写点关于萨特的东西。偶然看到《书屋》杂志1998年第2期有柳鸣九先生的一篇文章《萨特的永恒价值何在》(下称柳文),我正好也对这个问题感兴趣。看了柳文后,觉得可以商榷的地方还不少,愿意结合该文,谈谈我对这个问题的看法。柳先生是外国文学研究专家,对萨特的评价主要从文学角度出发,这是可以理解的。他认为,“从萨特所留下的精神遗产来说,他对我们的价值今天看来还在于,他主要是作为一个文学家,而不是哲学家,更不是政治家。”在将萨特的文学与哲学作这种比较时,柳先生的论据是:“与他在20世纪文学史上所占有的…     

The Role of Language, Parents, and Peers in Ethnic Identity Among Adolescents in Immigrant Families

To construct a model of the influences on ethnic identity among adolescents in immigrant families, we surveyed adolescents and their parents from 81 Armenian families, 47 Vietnamese families, and 88 Mexican families. Adolescents completed measures of ethnic language proficiency, in-group peer social interaction, and ethnic identity. Parents completed a measure of support for cultural maintenance. Across all groups, ethnic language proficiency and in-group peer interaction predicted ethnic identity, and parental cultural maintenance predicted adolescent ethnic language proficiency. However, because of differences among the groups, a separate model was required for each ethnic group. The results suggest both common processes and group differences in the factors that influence ethnic identity.     

中国农村土地流转问题的法律思考

近些年土地流转在广大农村悄然兴起 ,它是继安徽凤阳县小岗村土地承包改革之后 ,来自农村的又一创新之举。它是市场经济在农村土地承包制度改革中的进一步深化 ,它不仅抑制了农村土地抛荒 ,而且还解决了农村土地资源的有效配置。但同时又存在着这样那样的问题 ,诸如 ,土地流转无法可依、农民土地承包权得不到有效保障、土地流转形式较乱、造成了一些纠纷等。当务之急是加强农村土地流转的法制建设 ,确认、巩固土地流转改革成果和解决存在的问题。首先是修改现存法律有关内容 ,其次尽快出台《农村土地承包法》 ,再是尽早制定《农村土地流转法》 ,明确土地流转的原则、形式、程序、监管和责任 ,使农村土地流转纳入法制轨道。     

涉计算机案件的现场勘查

涉计算机案件现场既包含电子证据也包含传统证据。勘查现场前应做好收集信息的准备和有关计算机的物质准备,使用专业人员寻找证据源,对证据进行固定、复制和保全。涉计算机案件现场勘查的重点是计算机周围、计算机外部连接情况、计算机软件系统情况、日志和造成损失类型。     

公安院校实验室开放探讨

实验室开放是实验教学的一个重要组成部分,对提高教学质量具有十分重要的作用,是培养创新能力和提高学生实践能力,造就公安应用型人才的重要措施。     

On the discriminability of the handwriting of twins

As handwriting is influenced by physiology, training, and other behavioral factors, a study of the handwriting of twins can shed light on the individuality of handwriting. This paper describes the methodology and results of such a study where handwriting samples of twins were compared by an automatic handwriting verification system. The results complement that of a previous study where a diverse population was used. The present study involves samples of 206 pairs of twins, where each sample consisted of a page of handwriting. The verification task was to determine whether two half-page documents (where the original samples were divided into upper and lower halves) were written by the same individual. For twins there were 1236 verification cases -- including 824 tests where the textual content of writing was different, and 412 tests where it was the same. An additional set of 1648 test cases were obtained from handwriting samples of nontwins (general population). To make the handwriting comparison, the system computed macro features (overall pictorial attributes), micro features (characteristics of individual letters), and style features (characteristics of whole-word shapes and letter pairs). Four testing scenarios were evaluated: twins and nontwins writing the same text and writing different texts. Results of the verification tests show that the handwriting of twins is less discriminable than that of nontwins: an overall error rate of 12.91% for twins and 3.7% for nontwins. Error rates with identical twins were higher than with fraternal twins. Error rates in all cases can be arbitrarily reduced by rejecting (not making a decision on) borderline cases. A level of confidence in the results obtained is given by the fact that system error rates are comparable to that of humans (lower than that of lay persons and higher than that of questioned document examiners [QDEs]).