A forensic science approach to a starved child

A 19-month-old, 3.6-kg (8-lb) female child dies after a protracted course. The child was premature and suffered a stormy perinatal and postnatal period. When there is underlying disease or a condition potentially sufficient in and of itself to result in a "starved child," isolation of the results of potential neglect presents particular difficulties. The approach to the resolution of this question will be addressed.     

Democracy and economic development

This discussion explains why democracy as is generally understood may not be suitable to meet the challenges of a developing economy and how democratic institutions generally fail to respond to the immediate demands of a population impatient to raise its level of living. It defines the terms economic development and democracy, reviews some theoretical models of democracy which have been proposed in economic theory, proposes an approach to the process of economic development, and considers problems of development. Economic development is a process which calls for huge investments in personnel and material. Such investment programs imply cuts in current consumption that would be painful at the low levels of living that exist in almost all developing societies. Governments need to resort to strong measures, and they must enforce them vigorously in order to marshal the surpluses required for investment. If such measures were put to a popular vote, they would certainly be defeated. Mainstream economic theory assumes the virtues of a market system and the decisions arrived at by the interaction of market forces. This is the economic equivalent of democracy. Yet, mainstream economic theory devotes little attention to the conditions under which a market system generates a just solution. The democratic developing countries have all inherited a class society, with a highly skewed distribution of income. The wealthy minority often seeks to preserve its privileged position and to enjoy the benefits of development. It even seeks the help of the judiciary to preserve the sanctity of private property and to assure that its patterns of conspicuous consumption can continue. This is done in the name of democratic rights. Many developing societies are burdened with outmoded traditions and value systems that are incompatible with the production relations of the new society they hope to achieve. The international exchange of resources is believed by some to be an attempt to control the pace and character of development so that the economic colonization will survive. To end such unfavorable conditions for development, 3rd world governments must demand greater sacrifices from their citizens, and this cannot be achieved by normal democratic means. Recent events in several developing nations illustrate this point.     

关于“油公司”模式改革的探索与实践

国内勘探与生产业务在油气产量、利润、现金流等方面已取得了很大成绩。但在组织机构、体制机制、效率效益等方面仍然存在着诸多深层次矛盾,需要全力推动“油公司”模式改革。经过塔里木油田等多家单位多年探索,国内的勘探与生产业务已成功设计出以“主营业务归核化、组织机构扁平化、保障业务专业化、运行机制市场化、生产管理数字化”为核心内容的“油公司”改革模式。为推进“油公司”模式改革,确保改革措施落地,近期将重点在推进业务归核、管理区作业区精简、第三方用工等最容易被基层群众接受、最小的管理单元方面做好油公司改革,力争到2022年基本建成具有中石油特色的“油公司”,到2025年全面建成与世界一流油公司接轨的管理模式。     

Migration and Social Reproduction at Critical Junctures in Family Life Course

This review paper focuses on low-income migrants in (or from) developing countries and their social reproduction, and asks what this means for their social protection. We focus on the recognition that migration involves (re)negotiations of social reproduction by migrants and their families. These renegotiations are heavily inflected with gendered power relations in ways that are specific to individual and family life course. As such, migration involves taking on new risks and dynamic vulnerabilities in sustaining everyday and intergenerational social reproduction. These are sharpened by the increasing feminisation of migration flows and obstructed by wider changes in social provisioning and exclusionary citizenship regimes. The resulting social protection challenges unfold over lifetimes, and are especially marked at critical periods of transition. Life-course thinking has the potential to theoretically integrate emerging insights from rich empirical studies; doing this supports the rationale for revaluing the importance of social reproduction within debates about migration and social protection.     

VEP验光方法在常见眼外伤矫正视力检测中的应用研究

目的通过比较VEP验光、电脑验光及主觉插片验光在检测外伤眼屈光度中的关系，探讨VEP验光方法在外伤眼矫正视力中的应用价值。方法本组实验选取各种类型眼外伤患者．伤后3吒月经检查存在视力下降者61人（受检眼61只），分别对伤眼行电脑验光、主觉插片验光及VEP验光，比较三种验光方法所测屈光度及矫正视力之间的差异性。结果经统计学处理．VEP验光与主觉插片验光所测伤眼屈光度和矫正视力无显著性差异（P〉0．05）：电脑验光与主觉验光、VEP验光在球镜屈光度检查上存在显著性差异（P〈0.05），在散光检查方面无明显差异（P〉0．05）；电脑验光所得矫正视力与主觉插片验光、VEP验光所得结果之间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05），尤其在角膜、虹膜睫状体、晶状体、玻璃体等部位损伤的受检眼中差异更为显著（P〈0．01）。结论电脑验光和VEP验光均是客观的屈光检查方法，前者有方便迅速的优点．但其结果存在较大误差，特别是在屈光系统损伤的患者中误差更大，仅可作为屈光矫正的初步检查依据：而后者验光结果准确，能够反映伤眼的屈光实际情况，可以应用于法医学鉴定中的伤眼最佳矫正视力的评定。     

科学定位 注重质量 突出南开大学精神和办学特色

科学定位,树立正确的办学思想;注重教学质量,提高整体办学水平,是新时期大学改革发展的核心追求.本文从南开大学改革发展的实践出发,从科学定位、提高教学质量、凝练大学精神、办出学校特色等几个方面,对近几年来南开大学改革与探索的经验进行归纳、总结,希望能对同行有所裨益,并敬请专家批评指正.     

Antecedents of task performance: An examination of transformation leadership,team communication,team creativity,and team trust

Higher education requires best leaders and collaborative environment to stimulate staff and student because of facing more challenges and to make the educational institutions remain relevant in a competitive global context. Considering the fruitful academic outcome, ideal leadership style and collaborative work are essential among teachers and students. Therefore, an empirical study was performed to investigate the effect of transformational leadership and team communication on task performance. The proposed model was verified by quantitative study to clarify the complex relationship between predicators and outcomes. Research data were collected from a sample of 273 master students from the University of Science and Technology of China. The collected data were examined through partial least square analysis technique. The results suggested that team perception of transformation leadership has positive effect on team communication and team trust to measure high task performance. In addition, team communication has positive effect on team trust, whereas team trust has a significant effect on team creativity, which enhances the task performance.     

Teaching Amina to read

The Government of India has made strides in increasing its education spending and improving access to schools, but there is much left to do. Programmes have concentrated on the expansion of higher education in India. In fact, public spending per student on the tertiary level is over six times what it is on the primary level. Non-enrolment can affect every aspect of a child's life. Education can give young girls the skills to make decisions independent of their husbands or families, access healthcare and other social programmes, and enter the workforce. This article offers reflections on some of the stubborn challenges around girls' education in India, based on a personal experience of volunteering in Jaipur.

Point de vue : enseigner la lecture à Amina

Le gouvernement indien a fait de grands progrès dans l'augmentation de ses dépenses en matière d'éducation et l'amélioration de l'accès aux écoles, mais il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Les programmes se sont concentrés sur l'expansion de l'éducation supérieure en Inde. De fait, les dépenses publiques par étudiant en niveau tertiaire sont plus de six fois supérieures à celles consacrées aux élèves du niveau primaire. La déscolarisation peut influer sur tous les aspects de la vie des enfants. L'éducation peut conférer aux jeunes filles les compétences nécessaires pour prendre des décisions indépendamment de leur mari ou de leur famille, pour accéder aux soins de santé et autres programmes sociaux et pour intégrer la population active. Cet article propose des réflexions sur certains des défis tenaces autour de l'éducation des filles en Inde, fondées sur une expérience personnelle de volontariat à Jaipur.

Ponto de vista: Ensinando Amina a Ler

O Governo da Índia tem feito avanços ao aumentar seus gastos com educação e melhorar o acesso a escolas, mas ainda há muito o que fazer. Os programas têm se concentrado na expansão do ensino superior na Índia. Na verdade, o gasto público por estudante no nível universitário é mais do que seis vezes o gasto no nível primário. A falta de matrícula pode afetar todo aspecto da vida de uma criança. A educação pode oferecer ás meninas as habilidades para tomar decisões independentes de seus maridos ou famílias, acesso a serviço de saúde e outros programas sociais e a entrada no mercado de trabalho. Este artigo oferece reflexões sobre alguns dos desafios constantes acerca da educação de meninas na Índia, com base em uma experiência pessoal de voluntariado em Jaipur.

Punto de vista: enseñando a Amina a leer

El gobierno de India ha aumentado la inversión en educación y ha mejorado el acceso a la enseñanza pero queda mucho por hacerse. En India, los presupuestos se han destinado en gran parte al desarrollo de la educación superior. De hecho, el gasto público por alumno en el nivel universitario es seis veces mayor que en el nivel primario. No inscribirse puede tener efectos en todos los aspectos de la vida de los niños y niñas. La educación puede proporcionar herramientas a las niñas y jóvenes para tomar decisiones independientes de sus esposos o familias, para acceder a los servicios de salud o a otros programas sociales y para ingresar al mercado laboral. Este ensayo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre los grandes retos que existen en India para la educación de las niñas basándose en la experiencia personal de la autora como voluntaria en Jaipur.     

About an ‘All-Weather’ Relationship: security foundations of Sino-Pakistan relations since 9/11

The traditionally close relationship between China and Pakistan cooled off somewhat with the end of the Cold War, mainly due to China's efforts to improve its relations with India and the disappearance of the Soviet threat. While China has continued to pursue its rapprochement with India after 9/11, developments since 9/11 have reinforced the security foundations of Sino-Pak relations and have consequently reversed the downward trend in the relationship leading to enhanced cooperation in a number of areas. US involvement in Central Asia and deepening Indo-US collaboration have further increased Pakistan's strategic importance for China. Islamabad also occupies a prominent position in Beijing's energy security and its efforts to stabilize Xinjiang.