OECD 国家和中国生育产假政策的比较

生育保护假期制度是保障育龄妇女权益的重要手段,OECD国家将产假期限、工作保护和津贴补助三者有机结合,创设的陪产假和育婴假制度极大地促进了性别平等,帮助受雇者平衡工作与家庭的冲突,提升了生育保护水平。当前中国面临着二孩政策全面放开后生育率不如预期乐观的情况,如何走出低生育率陷阱成为亟需解决的问题。通过对OECD国家和中国现有的产假制度进行比较,研究为完善我国生育产假政策提供建议。     

What Mothers Do: Motherhood as a Resource for Negotiating Sick-Leave Legitimacy in Swedish Sickness Insurance Interactions

Sick leave in the Nordic countries is a gendered issue. Alongside other explanations, women’s higher levels of sick leave have been linked to their far-reaching family responsibilities. Meanwhile, studies have shown how such responsibilities induce questioning of the legitimacy of sick leave, indicating that normative aspects linking these categories cannot solely be approached in terms of causal explanations. The current study suggests an alternative way of studying this relationship, approaching motherhood as something being “done” in situated ways, to particular ends; a resource for interaction. By analysing naturally occurring interactions—meetings held by the Swedish Social Insurance Agency—the study renders visible the collaborative production of sick leave as a gendered matter, and motherhood as part of the negotiation of sickness insurance. The analysis shows the meaning and import of motherhood for sick leave to be a live issue for participants, drawing attention to how these categories are neither culturally predefined, nor dispositional, but flexibly assembled for certain purposes. Motherhood functions as a resource in two ways: (1) displaying restricted ability to care for children supports claims of impairment; (2) invoking motherhood works to account for slow or inactive rehabilitation. However, occasioning motherhood in the examined context is also risky: (3) displaying extensive mothering may be treated as indicating low commitment to rehabilitation, and (4) displaying limited mothering may be taken as indicating unfitness as a parent.     

DNA指纹技术在亲子鉴定中的应用

用非放射性标记α－珠蛋白－３＇ＨＶＲ探针在低强度洗涤条件下，对人的ＤＮＡ指纹进行了分析，获得了清晰易读的ＤＮＡ指纹图。并用该方法调查了云南省的７８名无关个体，经统计学分析，计算出无关个体的相关机率是２．４×１０－４。用该方法进行亲子鉴定，获得了满意的结果，用ＨｉｎｆⅠ和ＨｅａⅢ两种内切酶酶切，解决了子代陌生带问题，用该方法对二十余起亲权纠纷案进行了鉴定，证明该方法稳定、结果可靠，父权肯定机率均在９９．９％以上。     

亲权鉴定若干问题综述

对亲权鉴定中遗传标记的研究历史及现状进行了综述，并对国际法医遗传学会亲子鉴定委员会关于DNA生物计算的建议进行了解读。     

Forensic DNA evidence and the death penalty in the Philippines

The death penalty remains a contentious issue even though it has been abolished in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, European Union member nations and some Asian countries such as Cambodia, East Timor and Nepal. Many argue that the irrevocability of the death penalty, in the face of potential erroneous convictions, can never justify its imposition. The Philippines, the first Asian country that abolished the death penalty in 1987, held the record for the most number of mandatory death offenses (30 offenses) and death eligible offenses (22 offenses) after it was re-imposed in 1994. Majority of death penalty convictions were decided based on testimonial evidence. While such cases undergo automatic review by the Supreme Court, the appellate process in the Philippines is not structured to accept post-conviction evidence, including DNA evidence.Because of the compelling nature of post-conviction DNA evidence in overturning death penalty convictions in the United States, different groups advocated its use in the Philippines. In one such case, People v Reynaldo de Villa, the defendant was charged with raping his 13-year-old niece that supposedly led to birth of a female child, a situation commonly known as ‘criminal paternity’. This paper reports the results of the first post-conviction DNA test using 16 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) DNA markers in a criminal paternity case (People v Reynaldo de Villa) and discusses the implications of these results in the Philippine criminal justice system.     

亲子关系诉讼中拒绝亲子鉴定的证明妨碍论

证明妨碍是妨害诉讼证明致使事实难以解明的行为,它会对妨害行为的实施者带来不利益。拒绝亲子鉴定的证明妨碍以妨碍行为人被科令负担鉴定协力义务为前提,其法律后果因行为人为当事人或第三人而有所不同,仅在当事人拒绝亲子鉴定时法官始可进行事实推定。我国相关的现行立法和司法解释不够完善,新近施行的《婚姻法解释（三）》第二条意义积极,但也有不足：适用条件不明确、拒绝鉴定所生法律效果较为模糊且过于单一、适用的主体范围偏窄、当事人程序保障条款缺失以及与实体法没有很好地对接等。     

The Role of Supervision in the Retention of Public Child Welfare Workers

Abstract

Contrary to common belief, having a manageable caseload size may not be critical to the retention of child welfare MSW social workers. In this study of the retention of 765 title IV-E MSWs in public child welfare, support from supervisors emerged as a pivotal factor in employee retention. With analyses regressing retention and intent to leave public child welfare agencies, support from supervisors emerged as a predictor, but caseload size did not. The preliminary findings of qualitative interviews corroborated these results. This study corroborates literature indicating that support from supervisors enhances retention of specially trained child welfare workers.     

廉租房REITs的住房公积金方案研究——以安顺市为例

廉租房建设存在巨额资金缺口,而廉租房租金微薄,即使加上政府补贴,投资回报率也非常低,对社会资金鲜有吸引力。当前我国住房公积金闲置资金巨大,利用效率极低,如果利用住房公积金闲置资金构建公积金廉租REITs模式,可以在保证住房公积金缴存户状况至少不恶化的前提下,破解当前廉租房建设资金匮乏的困境,使地方政府与低收入家庭状况都可获得帕累托改进。     

Congenital tetragametic blood chimerism explains a case of questionable paternity

Human chimerism is the presence of ≥ 2 cell populations in one person that contain genetic material from more than one zygote. Chimerism may be either acquired by transfusion or transplantation of donor cells, or congenital arising from embryo fusion or dizygotic twin-twin transfusion. We encountered a 4-year-old boy with developmental hip dysplasia whose preoperative (serologic) blood group was AB, but whose red cell agglutination was atypical ("mixed field") and caused us to study the patient's parents' ABO blood groups. Parental blood groups (AB and O) suggested possible nonparentage. An alternative explanation of the findings was that the child was chimeric or mosaic. Molecular cloning and genotyping of his ABO locus in leukocytes revealed two heterozygous genotypes: A102/O01 and B101/O01. Other loci, each of which possessed three distinct alleles, unambiguously showed transmission of two alleles from either the child's mother (e.g., HLA-A) or two alleles from the child's father (e.g., D8S1179). Findings indicate that the child is a tetragametic chimera.     

A study on the depression levels of children who are brought to the forensic DNA laboratory for paternity testing

This study aims to identify the depression levels of children who were brought to the forensic DNA laboratory for paternity testing. A total of 35 such children were enrolled in the study. Data were gathered using the parent interview form, general information form for children, and the "Child Depression Scale" as it had been tested for validity and reliability in the 6-17 year age group in the country. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe test. The results showed that the age of children who were brought in for paternity testing created a meaningful difference in their depression scores (p < 0.01) while gender did not. In addition, c. 63% of the children in this study did not know why they were in the laboratory, which also caused a meaningful difference in depression scores (p < 0.01).