服务型政府论要

当前,我国政府突出强调服务型政府的建设,这是人民政府建设的本质要求,也是我国政府为人民服务的根本体现。政府确立尊重和保护公民权利观念,是构建服务型政府的制度性起点。明确我国与西方服务型政府建设的差异性,是推进本土化服务型政府建设的重要借鉴。责任政府的营造和行政程序化的完善是构建我国服务型政府的基本路径。     

建设服务型政府:中国行政改革的新取向——兼论服务型政府的理论误区与实践策略

我国的行政改革分为两个阶段,即小型政府和服务型政府。建设服务型政府是我国行政改革的目标取向。准确把握服务型政府的科学内涵,是建设服务型政府的前提。建设服务型政府,必须建立完善的政务公开制度,实施绩效管理,合理划分中央和地方权限,推行电子政务,实现"善治"政府。     

Orphan drug incentives in the pharmacogenomic context: policy responses in the US and Canada

Advances in pharmacogenomic research and increasing industry interest in personalized medicine have important implications for the way that orphan drug policies are interpreted and applied. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of pharmacogenomics and new genomic technologies on our understanding of how disease categories are delineated, and subsequently, how the concept of rare disease should be defined for the purposes of orphan drug policies. This article considers whether orphan drug legislation can be drafted in a way that will maximize benefits and minimize concerns relating to the impact of pharmacogenomics on orphan drug research and development. After reviewing the issues that may arise at the intersection of orphan drug policies and pharmacogenomics, this article will discuss the potential impact of pharmacogenomics at two critical points: orphan designation and approval of the drug product. At each of these points, the relevant aspects of current US orphan drug legislation are examined, focusing on the extent to which recent amendments may address concerns that have been raised previously. This analysis will then provide the foundation for a critical review and recommendations regarding the proposed new Canadian orphan drug framework.     

交通事故快速处理工作创新机制探究

交通事故处理工作作为社会管理工作的一个组成部分,起到了维护交通秩序,维持社会安定的重要作用。在发生的交通事故中,车辆擦碰的轻微车物损失事故占很大比例,对这些交通事故进行快速处理既方便群众、减少交警的工作量,同时也缓解了交通堵塞。通过建立党组织和政府为领导核心、交警依法行政为依托、保险公司服务为基础的"三位一体"的社会管理新体制,优化社会资源,通过建立健全保险公司的快速理赔、交通事故现场快处快撤、驾驶人奖惩等保障机制,实现轻微道路交通事故快处、快撤、快赔。     

Ombudsman for Bangladesh: Theory and Reality

Abstract

Although the term “Ombudsman” is a relatively unfamiliar term in Bangladesh in general, it is widely used and is a practiced technique of ensuring administrative accountability and transparency in western developed countries. The offices of Ombudsmen, as currently found in an increasing number of countries, are institutions of government design to meet the perceived needs as to both out come and process. Their objectives are to secure fairness, integrity, accountability and efficiency in public affairs, by methods conductive to promoting confidence in all institutions of the state. In reality the Ombudsman's office is seen as an institution, which has been established in regional jurisdictions in order to promote high standards of public administration and management, and to protect the right of citizens in their dealing with government. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the role of the “Ombudsman” concept and why it is needed and how it can be institutionalized in Bangladesh. In doing so, the article has been divided into two parts. Part I discusses the conceptual framework of the Ombudsman while part II throws light on the prospects and problems of this concept in Bangladesh as attempts are being made to establish the office of the Ombudsman.     

浅析“钓鱼执法”的社会危害与防范对策

"钓鱼执法"的本质就是违法行政,其不仅破坏了执法公正,破坏了人与人之间的和谐信任,而且严重损害了政府的公信力。防范"钓鱼执法"行为发生的对策有:必须坚持依法行政;对执法部门进行正确政绩观的教育;提高执法人员的素质;建立健全长期有效的监督监察制度。     

涉及商业秘密的政府信息公开问题初探

涉及商业秘密的政府信息是法定的公开例外种类之一。与涉及国家秘密的政府信息属于强制例外不同,涉及商业秘密的政府信息,行政机关具有部分自由裁量权。然而,由于缺乏对“商业秘密”、“公共利益”等要件的界定,同时也没有明确行政机关对此类政府信息的审查程序,因此,在实践中存在较大争议,有必要对政府信息公开语境下的商业秘密界定、公开程序的操作设想以及此类信息中的可分割性原则的适用等问题进行研究。     

社会管理创新语境下城市图像监控系统的应用

城市图像监控系统增强了动态驾驭社会治安局势的能力,丰富了信息收集的手段渠道,完善了社会治安前端管理,延缓了警力投放压力,更是提高群众安全感和满意度的有效途径.公安机关要积极探索创新城市图像监控系统建设应用对策,规范系统运作模式,科学整合资源,完善应用工作机制,为提升社会治安防控能力服务.     

政府内部和外部的管理:不同的理论关注

行政学创立以来就包含着政府对内部和外部事务管理两个领域.行政学研究对两个领域区别的忽略造成了影响行政学发展的基础性缺陷.政府内部和外部行政管理有着不同的管理内容、特点和理论关注.从学理上明确两者之间的分野和定位,将为行政学研究趋近行政真实、指导行政实践开辟新进路.     

试论治安管理处罚种类的重构

治安管理处罚是公安机关依法强制剥夺违反治安管理行为人的人身自由、名誉、财产或其他权利的行政法律制裁。《治安管理处罚法》规定,治安管理处罚种类包括警告、罚款、行政拘留、吊销公安机关发放的许可证以及针对外国人的限期出境或者驱逐出境。治安管理处罚种类重构对治安管理处罚中的问题的解决、公安机关的依法行政、公民权利的保护以及处罚种类的多样性都具有重要的意义。针对警告、罚款、行政拘留等处罚种类执行适用中存在相关问题,应调整警告处罚的执行方式、建立罚款与拘留的转换易科制度以及增加＂社会服务罚＂和社区矫正两种治安管理处罚种类的重构建议。