缅甸罗兴迦人问题的历史变迁初探

缅甸罗兴迦人问题的产生与发展有着深厚复杂的历史背景,引起世人普遍关注.本文试图就国际上存在争议的罗兴迦人身份问题、若开穆斯林与佛教徒的历史纷争以及罗兴迦人的发展脉络作一梳理.     

缅甸的政治环境变迁及其对禁毒的影响研究

缅甸罂粟类毒品问题本身就是殖民政治的产物。缅甸独立后不久,国家即陷于长期政治分裂和政治动乱状态,没有政治的稳定,禁毒陷于举步艰难的境地。1990年以后,缅甸和平进程开始提速,进入21世纪以来,缅甸的政治环境继续好转,使缅甸禁毒进入快速发展时期。     

The International Humanitarian Regime and its Discontents: India’s Challenge

Abstract

In recent years, concerns over whether the humanitarian regime as we know it will survive a many-pronged challenge have spurred humanitarian organisations to embark on processes of soul-searching and innovation. With a steadily increasing aid budget and its more active and vocal role in development and humanitarian politics—and in global politics more generally—India has acquired the label of ‘emerging’ humanitarian actor. This article, however, shows that in many ways India has been a humanitarian pioneer, and connects the norms and values of the international humanitarian regime with India’s own philosophical, religious and democratic traditions. It also discusses how Indian policy-makers have critiqued the current United Nations-led international humanitarian regime and investigates how the government of an increasingly powerful and influential Commonwealth country from the South interacts with an international regime created in Europe. For many Indian policy-makers, current humanitarian practices are tainted by what they see as North American and European interventionist and highly political agendas in the South. The article concludes that while there is still a lot to be said for a global, multilateral humanitarian regime led by the United Nations, it need not be Western-biased, either in theory or in practice.     

Reforming government with information technology in South Korea

The South Korean government recently launched 11 major e‐government services after a long period of inter‐ and intra‐ministry politics concerning the allocation of jurisdiction over various e‐government services. This article analyses the politics of e‐government efforts in South Korea. It begins by describing the development of e‐government policy in South Korea for the past two decades, and identifies its four major features as comprehensiveness, fragmentation, the orientation toward operational efficiency and citizen services, and the inclination toward new technological solutions. The article concludes that these features can be attributed to the heavy involvement of the macro political system, its high susceptibility to inputs from experts, and the institutional design of the informatisation subsystem.     

Addressing Myanmar’s Citizenship Crisis

Among many problematic issues surfacing in reformist Myanmar is a citizenship crisis with four main dimensions. First, in a state with fragile civil liberties, skewed political rights and limited social rights, there is a broad curtailment of citizenship. Second, Rohingya Muslims living mainly in Rakhine State are denied citizenship, and other Muslims throughout the country are increasingly affected by this denial. Third, designated ethnic minorities clustered in peripheral areas face targeted restrictions of citizenship. Fourth, the dominant Bamar majority concentrated in the national heartland tends to arrogate or appropriate citizenship. The result is growing social tension that threatens to undermine the wider reform process. To examine this crisis, the article sets Myanmar in a comparative context. In particular, it considers how multicultural states in the developed world have sought to manage a political switch from racial or ethnic hierarchy to democratic citizenship. Drawing on global experience with multiculturalism and enabling civic integration, it advances a series of policy options focused on rights, duties and identity. It argues for domestic political leadership, backed by global political support, to address Myanmar’s citizenship crisis.     

缅甸大变革及其对中缅关系的影响

自2011年3月吴登盛领导的新政府执政以来,着力调整内外政策,迅速开启了“变革”之门。对内,统治缅甸40多年的军政府逐步向文官政府交权,工作重心开始转向经济改革。对外,积极融入东盟,同西方国家关系出现重大“突破”。对华,坚持睦邻友好,两国关系稳定发展。但缅甸的民主改革不会一蹴而就,还有不少问题有待解决,任何操之过急的期待或行为,恐将适得其反。     

Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of Myanmar’s activists and democratic leaders

Narrative analysis has been widely employed in the social sciences. Yet there has been no systematic application of narrative theory to the study of how the word “democracy” is given meaning by political actors. Using the empirical example of the Burmese democracy movement in the lead up to the historic 2015 election victory of the National League for Democracy, this article argues that narrative analysis can contribute in unique ways to the interpretive task of “elucidating” the concept of democracy. Tracing plot and character construction within activist and aid worker stories about democracy in Myanmar, this study reveals three prominent and diverging narratives of democracy within and around the movement; a liberal narrative, centring on liberal democratic institutions and values, a benevolence narrative, focussing on the value of moral leadership and selflessness, and an equality narrative, highlighting the importance of cultural reform towards greater relational equality. Attention to these narratives has implications for donor “democracy promotion” strategies raising new questions about the role of formal institutions of democracy, the perceived source of “solutions”, and the impact on internal struggles within democracy movements.     

Power,cultural nationalism,and postcolonial public architecture: building a parliament house in post-independence Myanmar

This article focuses on the contested, and frequently postponed, construction of a new parliament house in postcolonial Myanmar. Since the late colonial period, the country’s legislative bodies have convened in four different buildings, three located in the former capital Yangon and the latest one in Naypyitaw. Drawing on legislative proceedings and media reports, this study interrogates the relationship between decolonisation, national identity, state-building, and public architecture in post-independence Myanmar. It suggests that the commissioning and construction of a new legislative house has always served a dual objective: projecting state power and national pride in both Myanmar’s early postcolonial and later post-junta political contexts, whilst symbolising a sense of nationhood grounded on the representational ideals of the dominant and ruling ethnic Bamar elites.     

中缅政治经济关系：战略与经济的层面

从目前来看,缅甸既不是中国的战略棋子也不是其经济枢纽。1988年后的中缅关系是不平衡的、不对称的,但是互惠互利的。两国的战略、经济关系是政治联姻性的。然而,缅甸连接南亚、东南亚和中国的重要地理位置具有战略和经济意义。缅甸是中国实现成为21世纪大国这一战略总计划的重要组成部分。虽然中国对缅甸的影响越来越大,但是仰光将不可能成为中国的战略卫星国。     

1988年以来日缅关系新发展初探

1988年缅甸军政府上台后,日本就对缅政策进行了适度调整,日缅特殊关系得以进一步巩固与强化,日缅特殊关系的发展延续是日缅两国维护各自利益的产物。虽然日本为确立在东南亚地区的主导地位、实现政治大国奠定基础,从而维系特殊的日缅关系,但其未来走向仍将受到其ODA政策变化、缅甸对外开放政策和贸易政策以及美国为首的西方国家的影响。