The role of universities in the promotion of worker protection: UCLA labor occupational health and safety program as a model for countries with developing economies

ABSTRACT

Protection of the workers’ health in countries with developing economies is increasingly important because of the adverse effects of globalization, along with changing industrial relations, the rise of precarious work and outsourcing, and the decline in unionization. In this study, I examine whether the institutes created by universities might serve as an interface between workers, academia, and state agencies, and provide assistance for both improving workplace conditions and enforcing occupational health and safety rules. I describe the history of one such effort: The Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program (LOSH) at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Using a review of written sources along with participatory observation and interviews as methods, I found that the challenges faced by LOSH historically have important parallels in countries with developing economies today. Ultimately, university-based occupational health programs like LOSH need to be followed in other parts of the world and be supported by governments if the mission to reduce workplace injuries and diseases is going to be realized in the United States and in other countries.     

大学生村官队伍管理问题研究——以宁夏回族自治区彭阳县为例

选聘高校毕业生到村任职是推动新农村建设的重大战略。建立大学生村官队伍管理工作长效机制,使大学生村官引得来、留得住、干得好、流得动,对培养造就经过基层实践锻炼、与人民群众有深厚感情的党政干部后备人才,具有重大而深远的现实意义。     

在深化改革中不断提高党校教学质量

党校作为培训各级领导干部的主阵地、主渠道,必须适应形势发展变化,通过以下几个方面深化教学改革,以不断提高党校教学质量：一是转变教学思路,大胆借鉴＂现代培训理念＂的精华;二是创新教学形式,大力推行＂研究式教学＂模式;三是改革教学内容,努力做到＂依需定学、因需施教＂;四是提升教师能力素质,构建＂开放型师资队伍＂。     

Fostering Constructive Action by Peers and Bystanders in Organizations and Communities

Peers and bystanders play important roles in organizational and community conflict management. Bystanders often learn relevant information and have opportunities to act in ways that can affect three of the basic functions of a conflict management system (CMS.) They can help (or not help) to identify, assess, and manage behaviors that the organization or community deems to be “unacceptable.” Examples in which bystanders play important roles include sexual and racial harassment, safety violations, unethical research, national security violations and insider threats, cyber‐bullying and cyber‐sabotage, violence, fraud, theft, intimidation and retaliation, and gross negligence. Bystanders often are a missing link in conflict systems. For the purposes of this article, I define peers and bystanders as people who observe or learn about unacceptable behavior by others, but who are not the relevant supervisors, or who knowingly engage in planning or executing that behavior. I define CMS managers as all those people, including line managers, who have responsibility for managing conflicts. Conflict managers face many challenges in fostering constructive behavior from bystanders. The interests of bystanders may or may not coincide with the interests of conflict systems managers in an organization or community. Bystanders often have multiple, idiosyncratic, and conflicting interests, and experience painful dilemmas. In addition, peers and bystanders, and their contexts – often differ greatly from each other. Blanket rules about how all bystanders should behave, such as requirements for mandatory reporting, are often ineffective or lead to perverse results. Bystanders are regularly equated with “do‐nothings,” in the popular press. In real life, however, helpful bystander actions are common. Many bystanders report a wide variety of constructive initiatives, including private, informal interventions. In this article, I report on forty‐five years of observations on bystanders in many milieus. I present what bystanders have said are the reasons that they did not – or did – take action, and what can be learned to help organizations and communities to support bystanders to be more effective when faced with unacceptable behavior.     

Does U.S. Marine Corps Recruit Training Constitute a Type of Civic Education?

In what respects can military basic training affect veterans’ civic identities? According to a 2015 report published by the National Conference on Citizenship (NCoC), military service positively affects civic health. While social scientists have also noted this possible connection, little attention has been paid to how and why this link might exist. To test the purported relationship between military training and increased civic capacities, I explored the United States Marine Corps’ (USMC) Recruit Training program. I conducted 20 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 17 enlisted Marine veterans and Marine drill instructors (DI) to ascertain their perceptions of the pedagogical aspirations of their service’s recruit training. The study’s participants reported that Marine Corps Recruit Training does seek to inculcate skills, values, and habits that are consistent with a civic identity as discussed in the civic-engagement and civic-education literature.     

点刺金津、玉液配合言语训练治疗脑卒中后构音障碍疗效观察

目的 通过运用点刺金津、玉液配合言语训练的方法对脑卒中后构音障碍患者进行治疗，观察该法的临床疗效。方法 按照入组顺序将120例分为治疗组和对照组，每组60例，治疗组采用点刺金津、玉液配合言语训练进行治疗，其中金津穴、玉液穴向舌根方向针刺1～1.2寸，点刺放血，每次每穴放血3~6滴，隔日1次，4周为1个疗程。对照组单纯使用言语训练方法治疗，4周为1个疗程。治疗前后采用Frenchay构音障碍评价量表对两组患者进行疗效评定。结果 两组治疗后Frenchay构音障碍评定量表a项数与治疗前比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），两组差值比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组临床疗效分布比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 点刺金津、玉液配合言语训练对脑卒中后构音障碍的改善优于单纯言语训练。     

My Career as a Teacher and a Political Scientist: If I Knew Then What I Know Now

This article addresses my professional development as a teacher and political scientist throughout the span of a 15-year career in political science. Also included are reflections on graduate education and the compatibility and necessary dual focus on both political science and teaching in the academy today as it relates to my present-day professional position.     

转变观念 构建“实战型”手枪射击训练模式

传统的手枪射击训练模式只注重训练技术和技术练习的结果,不重视练习的过程是否符合公安执法特点,导致手枪射击练习模式是＂为打靶而训练＂,这是严重脱离实战的,必然严重影响警察战斗力的提升。要扭转这一现实就必须转变观念,要建立＂为实战而训练＂的观念,使训练紧紧围绕＂实战＂这个核心思想,注重训练警察执法实战所需的技能、意识、程序以及规范性。     

在高校开展拓展训练教学的探讨

拓展训练教学是以体验式学习为特点的教学方式,引入高校还处于起步阶段。拓展训练课程的核心价值主要体现在其对学生的团队凝聚力、协调及沟通等能力的培养。本文将拓展训练课程模式作为主要研究内容,从拓展训练的概念、与传统体育课比较、开设的必要性及其教学模式等方面着手对拓展训练的课程在高校的开展进行探讨,以期为拓展训练教学的完善与发展提供初步建议。     

危机谈判的训练设计与方法选择

危机谈判训练是一种以谈判沟通技巧为基础技能,针对不同案件类型展开的警务技能训练,也是一种基于危机现场警务运作模式展开的工作机制训练,因此,危机谈判训练方法也分为技能训练方法和工作机制的训练方法,其中后者可以类推到以工作机制为训练目标的警务指挥、应急指挥训练中。