公安教育情报研究工作探赜

公安院校招录培养体制的改革,使得公安高等教育面临新的挑战和机遇。公安教育情报研究对公安院校的发展具有重要的作用。公安院校应采取一系列行之有效的措施做好公安教育情报研究工作。     

公安边防情报人员在调查访问中的消极心理与调适

公安边防情报活动中的调查访问主要集中在边境地区开展,工作环境复杂,任务艰巨,边防情报人员面对的调查访问对象形形色色。受外界客观环境和调查访问对象的心理反应的影响,再加上自身情报理论水平、实际工作能力以及生理心理素质等诸多方面的不足,边防情报人员在开展调查访问工作时,其很容易表现出消极的心理状态。为此,应采取适当的调适方法消除这种消极的心理状态。     

论集合型侦查智能的种类与特性

集合型侦查智能是为了实现特定的侦查目的,不同种类载体的智能之间或智能载体的智能与非智能工具的功能之间集合构成的侦查智能,包括"人人集合型"侦查智能与"人物集合型"侦查智能两大类。"人人集合型"侦查智能是侦查机关的集体智能,具有正负双重可能效应、依赖个体同通信、受规则约束下协调机制制约的特性;"人物集合型"侦查智能是人的智能与人工智能或非智能工具集合的侦查智能,具有智能运作的双重性、受工具与环境条件约束的特性。     

浅析以情报信息为核心的主动型警务模式——以浙江省富阳市公安局的实践为视角

传统的被动型警务模式由于其固有的缺陷,难以适应现代社会的发展和警务理念的革新,在全国大力建设公安情报信息系统的背景下,只有将情报信息工作与警务模式的转变相结合,建立起以情报信息为核心的主动型警务模式,才能妥善应对社会治安局势的变化对公安工作提出的新要求。     

Cyberspace,simulation, artificial intelligence,affectionate machines and being human

Abstract

This article focuses on the question whether the technologically enabled advent of ‘virtual reality’ or ‘cyberspace’ has a significant impact on human experience of the world. Gilbert Germain's work on Virilio and Baudrillard gives greater insight in this regard, specifically regarding cyberspace as the new ‘frontier’, and focuses on the alienating effects of cyberspace regarding the human life-world. Turkle's recent work regarding robotics similarly points to a fundamental shift in human attitudes towards ‘embodied’ artificial intelligence, especially concerning its capacity for affectivity, which further marks a turning away from the complexity of human relationships in favour of supposedly uncomplicated ‘machine relationships’. Derrida enables one to better understand the changing relation between humans and machines in terms of the reconfiguration of human subjectivity. Together with Turkle's work in this domain, it points to a surprising ‘reconfiguration’ of conceptions regarding being human. Finally, Feenberg's retrospective on the fraught relations between humans and technology, as reflected in various fictional and theoretical works, as well as social developments, provides a suitable conclusion, given his affirmative remarks on the prospects of human autonomy in relation to the Internet.     

燃煤污染型氟中毒病区儿童智力调查及法医学意义

目的探讨燃煤污染型氟中毒病区8～12岁儿童智力水平及其与染氟量之间的关系,为慢性氟中毒致中枢神经损伤的相关研究提供人群数据资料,为氟病区人群智力残疾鉴定提供修正参考值。方法采用《中国修订韦氏学龄期儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)》测试99名8～12岁小学生(包括氟斑牙组55人,对照组44人)的智力水平,比较氟斑牙组与对照组儿童智力水平差异,并对染氟儿童智力水平与染氟量之间的相关性进行分析。结果氟斑牙组的言语智商(85.64±16.53)、操作智商(94.87±12.73)、总智商(88.51±12.77)均低于对照组(言语智商94.34±16.04、操作智商99.23±12.44、总智商96.64±11.70),其中,两组的言语智商和总智商差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.01)。氟斑牙组与对照组的言语智商中各项分测验均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。操作智商中各项分测验除积木测验和译码检测外,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论燃煤污染型氟中毒儿童可出现智力损害,对言语智力的损伤较为明显;对患儿进行智力残疾鉴定时,应考虑修正智力评测的结果。     

The Static-99R predicts sexual and violent recidivism for individuals with low intellectual functioning*

A current debate is whether actuarial risk assessment tools predict sexual recidivism in sexual offenders with intellectual disabilities (SOIDs). Since intellectual functioning exists on a spectrum, the present study examined the predictive validity of the Static-99R across the range of intellectual functioning. The sample was comprised of 454 adult sexual offenders assessed at an outpatient clinic and followed for an average of 10 years. Offenders in the extremely low/borderline group had higher scores on the Static-99R than other offenders, largely due to their score on the detachment subscale of the Static-99R, but did not have significantly higher recidivism rates. Calibration analyses suggested that the expected and observed recidivism rates did not differ significantly. Intellectual functioning did not add incremental validity to the Static-99R. Further, there was no interaction between intellectual functioning and actuarial risk score. The results suggested that the Static-99R can be used across the range of intellectual functioning, albeit somewhat more cautiously for those at the lowest and highest end of the intellectual functioning distribution.     

大数据时代的智慧辩护

以大数据、人工智能等为代表的智能科技正在我国刑事司法空间内主导着全面而深远的变革。相较于法检系统面对这场时代潮流所进行的主动、全面的自我革新,智能科技虽在刑事辩护领域得到了一定程度的应用,但技术与业务的交融协同有限,故总体上仍停留在初级发展阶段。实际上,刑事辩护可在大数据驱动下实现向智慧辩护的转型,包括改变律师工作方式,使之从办公自动化跨越为业务智能化;在卷宗审阅、证据审查判断、类案/关联法条推送、司法规律挖掘等工作中强化科技支撑成分,辅助律师作出辩护决策;以及重塑业务导向定位,积极开拓风险防控型业务领域。但在转型过程中,应注意在数据来源上另辟蹊径,在借鉴法院、检察院经验时因地制宜地作出调整,尤其是在法律与技术的融合中坚持住法律的主导地位,把握好智慧的根源所在。     

Building sustainable free legal advisory systems: Experiences from the history of AI & law

The enthusiasm for artificial intelligence (AI) as a source of solutions to problems is not new. In law, from the early 1980s until at least the early 2000s, considerable work was done on developing ‘legal expert systems.’ As the DataLex project, we participated in those developments, through research and publications, commercial and non-commercial systems, and teaching students application development. This paper commences with a brief account of that work to situate our perspective.The main aim of this paper is an assessment of what might be of value from the experience of the DataLex Project to contemporary use of ‘AI and law’ by free legal advice services, who must necessarily work within funding and other constraints in developing and sustaining such systems. We draw fifteen conclusions from this experience, which we consider are relevant to development of systems for free legal advice services. The desired result, we argue, is the development of integrated legal decision-support systems, not ‘expert systems’ or ‘robot lawyers’. We compare our insights with the approach of the leading recent text in the field, and with a critical review of the field over twenty-five years. We conclude that the approach taken by the DataLex Project, and now applied to free legal advice services, remains consistent with leading work in field of AI and law.The paper concludes with brief suggestions of what are the most desirable improvements to tools and platforms to enable development of free legal advice systems. The objectives of free access to legal information services have much in common with those of free legal advice services. The information resources that free access to law providers (including LIIs) can provide will often be those that free legal advice services will need to use to develop and sustain free legal advisory systems. There is therefore strong potential for valuable collaborations between these two types of services providers.     

The relationship between intelligence,memory and interrogative suggestibility in young offenders

Abstract

The study investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and relevant cognitive factors as proposed by Gudjonsson and Clark (1986). The subjects were fifty-eight adolescent young offenders resident in a national children's centre with secure facilities. All were administered the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Interrogative suggestibility correlated negatively with intelligence and recall memory. Limited evidence of range effects was found for the relationship between intelligence and suggestibility, but not for the relationship between recall memory and suggestibility.