A Political Economy Model of Workers Representation: The Case of Union Elections in Spain

In this article we present a political economy model to analyse the effects of union elections. Union elections are the prerequisite for participating in collective bargaining and they are a unique Spanish institution for union recognition. We apply standard political economy assumptions to model the union elections in order to understand their influence on the dynamics of the unemployment rate. Although union elections give the right to vote to virtually all workers, we show that insider power exists and that it introduces a hysteresis effect on the unemployment rate. In addition, the model shows how the date of the union elections can amplify the business cycle. An empirical analysis confirms the main predictions of the model.JEL Classification: K31, J51, E24     

使命的要求--关于加强党的先进性建设的几点思考

中央决定在全党开展"先进性教育"活动有着深刻的理论、现实和国际背景.保持共产党员先进性是党加强自身建设的需要,是党提高执政能力、完成执政使命的必然要求.党的先进性是历史性与现实性的统一,是"三个代表"重要思想的核心.加强党的先进性建设,需要联系具体工作的实际,深入研究,积极践行.     

苏姗·斯特兰奇的结构性权力论浅析

苏姗.斯特兰奇是英国著名的国际政治经济学家。她的国际政治经济学理论把世界权力分为“联系性权力”和“结构性权力”,并从安全、生产、金融、知识四个基本因素分析国际政治中的权力结构。结构权力分析法克服了现实主义权力论解释国际政治权力的缺陷,是对现实主义权力政治理论的一大超越。因而,对斯特兰奇“结构性权力”论的研究有其理论意义和现实意义。     

Perception of and Satisfaction with Relationship Power,Sex, and Attachment Styles: A Couples Level Analysis

Eighty heterosexual dating couples provided information about their gender, individual histories of abuse in their current relationship, attachment styles, perception of and satisfaction with relationship power. Partner report of physical abuse was the dependent variable. APIM actor results suggest that an individual's gender interacts with perceived level of relationship power and satisfaction with relationship power for physical abuse. Both dimensions of attachment interacted with perceived relationship power for physical abuse. Partner effects were also found. One's partner's sex interacted with perceived power and satisfaction with relationship power. Finally, the partner's avoidant attachment interacted with satisfaction with relationship power. These findings generally replicate and extend the work of H. M. Ronfeldt, R. Kimerling, and I. Arias (1998, J. Marriage Fam. 60: 70–78) by showing how attachment styles, perception of relationship power, and satisfaction with relationship power are related in predicting aggression against a romantic partner.     

以“权力制约＋权利制衡”模式规范权力运行

规范权力运行,既需要权力制约,又需要权利制衡.必须着力于构建"以权力制约权力"+"以权利制衡权力"的模式,通过公共权力与公民权利的合力进取,使公共权力和公民权利统一于社会整体利益,从而实现公共权力逐渐向公民权利的转化或回归.具体途径为建立健全公民参与的制度化、规范化、程序化机制,以及先行完善党内权力制约和权利制衡机制.     

关于“试点”的法律话题——相对集中行政处罚权的理论与实践

相对集中行政处罚权是适时而生的"试点",但这项改革使得法的统一性受到挑战,存在在机构设置上遭遇疑惑等问题.鉴于"试点"的特殊性,需要在制度上予以合法性的调整,包括权限争议解决主体的安排、理解和遵循"一事不再罚"以及努力形成行政执法的制衡合作格局,尽量以"可接受性原则"为优的执法形象出现.当然,在现实操作中既要"容忍试点"但也要注意"减少代价".     

论黑社会性质犯罪的特点及侦查策略

黑社会性质犯罪是近几年来引起我国政府高度重视并严厉打击的一种具有极大危害性的犯罪。这种犯罪往往具有组织结构严密、拥有政治"保护伞"等特点,为此类案件的侦查带来相当大的难度。侦查黑社会性质犯罪不仅要斗勇,而且要斗智,要讲究战略战术的运用。针对黑社会性质犯罪的主要特点,文章提出了一些在侦查中行之有效的侦查策略和方法。     

论社会歧视的社会心理根源及其消除方式--社会心理学视野下的社会歧视

社会歧视是指针对某一特殊社会群体的不公平、不合理、排斥性的社会行为或制度安排.从社会心理学看,这是由社会偏见这样一种不公正的、具有否定性和排斥性倾向的社会态度所导致的,属于一种刻板印象.但社会偏见并不一定导致社会歧视,实现这种转变与被歧视者自身力量相对弱小、"谈判力"不足相关.要减少或消除社会歧视,一方面必须壮大被歧视者的力量,增强其"谈判力",阻止已有的偏见向歧视的转化;另一方面通过被歧视者的努力,加强沟通来改变固有的刻板印象并防止新的刻板印象的产生.     

Morphological and spectroscopic measurements of plastic bags for the purpose of discrimination

The discrimination of noncolored transparent polyethylene bags was studied by several nondestructive and semidestructive analytical methods. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopy (differential interference contrast microscopy and phase contrast microscopy) were applied to polyethylene films. X-ray diffraction was used to distinguish variations in the crystalline phase, infrared spectroscopy was used to distinguish variations in the molecular components, and optical microscopy was used to distinguish the different surface morphologies. The results show that X-ray diffraction classifies the crystalline phase of the film depending on whether it is made from low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, or high-density polyethylene; that infrared spectroscopy is useful to distinguish the molecular components and it is the most discriminating technique; and that optical microscopy discriminate films easily by their morphological differences.