猪生殖与呼吸综合征血清抗体重组N蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以纯化的猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒 (PRRSV)重组N蛋白作为包被抗原 ,通过对各项试验条件的优化 ,建立起检测PRRS血清抗体的重组N蛋白间接ELISA检测方法。用此方法检测了2 0 0份血清样品 ,并与IDEXX公司ELISA试剂盒的检测结果相比较 ,敏感性和特异性分别为 93%和95 % ,总符合率达 91%。 2种检测方法的结果之间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。试验表明 ,建立的间接ELISA检测方法具有敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好的优点 ,可用于PRRS血清抗体的检测。     

猪链球菌2型多重PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据猪链球菌16 S rDNA基因的种特异性基因序列和CPS基因的2型(1或/和2型)型特异基因序列设计了4条引物,建立了快速检测猪链球菌2型(1或/和2型)的多重PCR方法。利用保存的猪链球菌2型菌株和其他相关标准菌株作为参考菌株对该方法进行了敏感性和特异性试验。结果显示,所建立的多重PCR方法特异、敏感,对组织中的猪链球菌2型(1或/和2型)的最低检出水平为30 CFU/mL。用所建立的多重PCR方法对采自江西、北京、珠海、天津、四川等省市的猪扁桃体样品进行了检测,并通过细菌分离和玻片凝集试验对其检测结果进行了验证,结果显示,检出阳性符合率为100%,证实建立的多重PCR方法可用于猪链球菌2型的快速检测。     

小议侦查程序中的人权保障

侦查程序是刑事诉讼中非常重要的一个环节,然而,由于长期以来侦查机构权力过大,得不到有效制约,而屡屡发生侵犯公民权利的事件。为此,我们应当构建一种能够有效制约侦查权力的司法机制,以实现侦查程序中的人权保障。     

谈在建筑物内的搜捕作战

为了使警察在建筑物内搜捕作战时避免伤亡和减少作战损失,文章运用了文献综述法,对在建筑物内搜捕作战的特点和作战方式进行了分析,提出了在建筑物内搜捕作战时,应从封锁建筑物与控制现场、战术侦察、搜捕作战方案、建筑物内战斗、甄别与控制五个方面着手。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒乳胶凝集试验检测方法的建立

建立了用纯化的抗番鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)抗体致敏乳胶检测DRV抗原的方法。通过试验,确定抗体致敏乳胶的最佳浓度为1∶10(IgG蛋白浓度为0.424 2 mg/mL),最佳致敏温度为37℃,最佳致敏时间为120 min。用所建立的方法对人工感染的1 日龄雏番鸭30 只进行粪便检测,结果表明,感染后第3 d粪便中即可检测到病毒,直至人工感染鸭全部死亡都可从粪便中检出病毒抗原;对同样人工感染的30只1日龄雏番鸭的心、肝、脾病料用所建立的方法检测,结果表明,感染后第4 d,2/3番鸭脾病料检出阳性;感染后第5 d,2 只死亡鸭中有1 只肝病料检出阳性,脾病料2只都呈阳性;此后的病死鸭脾和肝病料均为阳性,而心则未检出阳性。     

副猪嗜血杆菌抗体间接血凝检测方法的建立及应用

将副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)血清型4、5型分离菌株经超声波破碎处理后的产物致敏醛化红细胞,建立了检测HPS抗体的间接血凝试验方法。最适反应条件为绵羊红细胞30℃醛化5 h,4、5型菌株浓缩抗原以1∶8稀释致敏红细胞。免疫猪2周后检出率达89%。对15种HPS血清型阳性血清进行检测,结果均为阳性;对猪瘟病毒、口蹄疫病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪肺炎支原体、猪链球菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、Ⅰ相支气管败血波氏杆菌及胸膜肺炎放线杆菌阳性血清进行检测,结果均为阴性。敏感性为琼脂扩散试验的16倍。对1 665份猪血清进行检测,阳性率为47.1%。结果表明,该方法敏感性较高,特异性强,重复性好,可用于疫苗免疫后抗体水平的检测及副猪嗜血杆菌的流行病学调查。     

刍议我国侦查启动程序

立案程序一直是刑事诉讼法修改中讨论的热点。作为侦查启动程序的立案程序在实践中常常有初查和审查穿插其中,而不具备侦查法律属性的初查和审查的出现,在一定意义上否定了刑事诉讼程序的正当性。对侦查启动程序的完善应从实践的角度出发,应充分考虑侦查实践中初查与审查的合理性,从而在立法上作出完善,使之与实践统一。     

Strategic Use of Evidence During Police Interviews: When Training to Detect Deception Works

Research on deception detection in legal contexts has neglected the question of how the use of evidence can affect deception detection accuracy. In this study, police trainees (N=82) either were or were not trained in strategically using the evidence when interviewing lying or truth telling mock suspects (N=82). The trainees’ strategies as well as liars’ and truth tellers’ counter-strategies were analyzed. Trained interviewers applied different strategies than did untrained. As a consequence of this, liars interviewed by trained interviewers were more inconsistent with the evidence compared to liars interviewed by untrained interviewers. Trained interviewers created and utilized the statement-evidence consistency cue, and obtained a considerably higher deception detection accuracy rate (85.4%) than untrained interviewers (56.1%).     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

A Capture–Recapture Model to Estimate the Size of Criminal Populations and the Risks of Detection in a Marijuana Cultivation Industry

Originally developed in biology, capture-recapture methodologies have increasingly been integrated into the study of human populations to provide estimates of the size of “hidden populations.” This paper explores the validity of one capture-recapture model—Zelterman’s (1988) truncated Poisson estimator—used to estimate the size of the marijuana cultivation industry in Quebec, Canada. The capture–recapture analysis draws on arrest data to estimate the number of marijuana growers “at risk of being arrested” for a period of five years (1998–2002). Estimates are provided for growers involved in two different techniques: (1) soil-based growing, and (2) hydroponics. In addition, the study develops an original method to estimate the prevalence of cultivation sites “at risk of detection.” A first set of findings shows that the cultivation industry is substantial; the estimated prevalence of growers compares to estimates of marijuana dealers in the province. Capture–recapture estimates are also used to compare the risks of being arrested for different types of offenders. Results indicate that hydroponic growers—those involved in large scale and sophisticated sites—face lower enforcement-related risks than growers involved in smaller enterprises. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the widespread development, both in Europe and in North America, of a successful domestic production-driven, rather than importation-driven, marijuana trade.