Prospect theory,operational code analysis,and risk-taking behaviour: a new model of China’s crisis behaviour

Integrating prospect theory and operational code analysis, this paper introduces an innovative approach to studying the decision making of Chinese leaders during crises. The unique contribution of this paper is to adopt the methodology of operational code analysis to measure the domain of actions of policy makers in the application of prospect theory. We suggest that leaders’ operational code beliefs can help us to identify in which domain of actions (gains or losses) leaders are located during crises. Xi Jinping experienced two notable foreign policy crises in 2014, the ‘oil rig’ crisis with Vietnam and the ‘P-8 crisis’ with the United States, which are examined in detail to illustrate Xi’s operational code beliefs and risk-taking behaviour of ‘confident accommodation’ behaviour during crises. To test the process validity of integrating operational code analysis and prospect theory, Hu Jintao’s operational code beliefs and crisis behaviour in 2011–2012 are then compared to Xi’s beliefs and decisions in this study of China’s crisis behaviour.     

Reporting beyond the pale: UK news discourse on drones in Pakistan

This article on drone strikes in Pakistan offers a distinctive empirical case study for critical scholarship of counterterrorism. By asking how cosmopolitanism has developed through UK news discourse, it also provides a constructivist contribution to the literature on drones. I argue that UK news discourse is not cosmopolitan because it focuses on risk and places the Other beyond comprehension. US–UK networked counterterrorism operations have complicated accountability, and while a drive for certainty promoted more scrutiny of policy, news media outlets, academics and activists turned to statistical and visual genres of communication that have inhibited understanding of the Other.     

142例二轮摩托车驾乘人员损伤特征分析

目的分析二轮摩托车交通事故的现场特点和驾乘人员的损伤特征,为甄别摩托车驾乘人员提供信息。方法收集本区2005年至2014年142例二轮摩托车交通事故人员伤亡资料,包括事故经过、事故类型、现场特点、车辆特点、驾乘人员情况、损伤情况及死亡原因等相关资料,进行分析总结。结果二轮摩托车驾乘人员在各类型事故中的损伤部位和特征、出现率及严重程度有明显的区别,事故现场有规律性。结论通过现场与人体损伤特征的分析,可以甄别摩托车驾乘人员。     

普通高校体育教师职业认同的对策研究——以吉林省普通高校体育教师职业认同状况为例

教师职业认同是当前教育领域研究的重点内容之一.以吉林省普通高校体育教师职业认同为研究对象,分析体育教师职业认同的影响因素,即社会地位与经济地位、学生及家长的满意度、学校对于教师的评价、职业与事业的理解.就改善普通高校体育教师职业认同进行的相应的对策,发现通过加强高校管理体制的人文化创新与高校管理体制的人文化创新的建设,能够从外因的改变促进体育教师内因的变化,进而有效的改善体育教师职业认同的现状.     

Transatlantic cooperation on terrorism and Islamist radicalisation in Africa: the Franco-American axis

Transatlantic cooperation on security has a long history. In Africa, transatlantic cooperation on security is basically between France and the United States. This paper asks why the two former competitors in Africa started to cooperate and also why they are so willing to engage militarily. The central argument in this paper poses that France and the US cooperate because it is indispensable to both parties. To France, the cooperation is indispensable because the US is the only power with sufficient financial means and with sufficient air-lift capacity to transport French and African troops into conflict-ridden countries. To Washington, cooperation with Paris is indispensable because the French authorities have unique access to intelligence and knowledge about large parts of Africa. By applying a foreign policy analysis framework, the paper analyses how perceptions of decision-makers, the role of personality and leadership, the role of government institutions and political systems have impacted the relevant decisions. It is emphasised that the two different decision-making systems – the French “state dominated” and the American “society dominated” – produce the same result, namely collaboration. It suggests that the perception of a serious threat from terrorism and Islamist radicalisation overrules differences in decision-making systems.     

Speaking Like Statesmen or Scientists: Differentiating Congressional and Administrative Views on Data

ABSTRACT

Do legislators and executives speak of data the same way when speaking about public sector data? Public management scholarship and public performance policies often emphasize data-driven decision making as the path to making government efficient and effective. Whether the public policy makers mean the same thing when they speak about data in discussions of data-driven performance and decision making is unknown. In this article, the authors present an analysis of the language of data in conversations about government performance. Two frameworks are identified for the role of data in public performance—the statesman’s and the scientist’s. A corpus-level analysis of over 30 years of government documents is used to demonstrate the differences between these two approaches. This research builds consciously on the work of previous scholars seeking to map the nuances of data-driven performance management policies in the U.S. federal government.     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

The Monitoring Capacity of Civil Society Networks: A Social Network Analysis in the Case of Gender Equality Policy

The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as a watchdog in the implementation process is widely acknowledged. However, little is known about what determines their capacity to monitor EU policy implementation and how it differs across member states. This article accounts for social capital as well as human and financial capital to determine the monitoring capacity of CSOs. To capture sources of social capital, a network analysis is applied in a comparative case article on the monitoring networks of national platforms of the European Women’s Lobby across eight EU member states. The analysis reveals that CSOs in western member states are rich in human, financial and social capital, while CSOs in CEE member states compensate for this lack of resources by linking up with the Commission.     

前列化浊丸对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎大鼠的干预机制研究

目的 观察前列化浊丸对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎（chronic nonbacterial prostatitis，CNP）模型大鼠白细胞介素2(interleukin 2，IL-2)、白细胞介素8（interleukin 8，IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α）、白细胞介素10（interleukin 10，IL-10）的影响，并探讨前列化浊丸治疗CNP的作用机制。方法 选取雄性15周龄、SPF级SD大鼠50只，将其随机分为空白对照组，模型组，前列化浊丸低、中、高剂量组，每组10只。采取去势加皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇复制大鼠CNP模型。空白对照组每日予以生理盐水灌胃，前列化浊丸低、中、高剂量组每日分别给予0.85、1.7、3.4 g/kg前列化浊丸溶液灌胃，各组连续灌胃30 d。灌胃治疗30 d后处死大鼠，取大鼠血清及前列腺组织，观察各组大鼠前列腺组织形态学变化，比较各组大鼠前列腺组织内白细胞数量，检测各组大鼠血清中IL-2、IL-8及前列腺组织中TNF-α、IL-10水平。结果 与模型组比较，各治疗组大鼠前列腺炎性反应显著减轻，前列腺组织病变程度均有所改善。与空白对照组比较，模型组前列腺组织内白细胞数量显著增加（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，前列化浊丸低、中、高剂量组前列腺组织内白细胞数量显著减少（P＜0.05）。与空白对照组比较，模型组大鼠血清中IL-2和IL-8水平均显著上升（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，前列化浊丸低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清中IL-2和IL-8水平均显著下降（P＜0.05）。与空白对照组比较，模型组大鼠前列腺组织中TNF-α和IL-10水平均显著上升（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，前列化浊丸低、中、高剂量组大鼠前列腺组织中TNF-α和IL-10水平均显著下降（P＜0.05）。结论 前列化浊丸治疗CNP的作用机制可能与抑制IL-2、IL-8、TNF-α表达有关。