从沙尘暴防治看立法理念的转换

近年来沙尘暴事件频繁发生、社会危害严重,引起全社会的高度重视.我国颁布实施的《防沙治沙法》以防沙治沙为目的、被预期能直接应对沙尘暴,但法律治理效果甚微.这需要我们反思环境立法理念.从源头上看,沙尘暴的表现形式为自然灾害,但人类对自然界的严重破坏行为是原因的主要方面.因此相应的立法理念、思路和重点就必须重在对于人的行为进行控制,需要治沙但更为重要的是在立法中引入人地协调的理念.理念的转换带来相应的制度的完善,解决现有的防沙治沙的问题、实现其立法目的,其根本上还要在防沙治沙法中突破原有单项思维模式,引入综合决策方式.     

农地抵押风险及预防机制分析——基于“三位一体”综合农协视角

农地流转是"三农"现代化进程中的重要环节。目前国内农地流传中的抵押现象引人注目,此问题关键在于农地抵押的风险及预防机制。运营体系自成一体的综合农协内在组织能力具有化解农地抵押风险的功能。"风险—中介—化解"程式表明综合农协主要部门在相关风险对接上能较好进行匹配。本文以"三位一体"农协为出发点,总结出促进农地抵押实现的以供销社、合作社以及信用社为桥梁的预防机制。     

The Economics of Cruel and Unusual Punishment

It has sometimes been argued that one way to reduce the costs of law enforcement would be to reduce the probability of detection and conviction (hence saving those costs), while at the same time increasing the size of the punishment. Following this strategy would keep the expected costs (to a risk neutral criminal) of committing a crime constant and hence keep the deterrence level constant; it would have the benefit, though, of reducing costs to the rest of society.There are some well-known objections to such a policy. One such objection deals with marginal deterrence: A convicted murderer serving a life sentence with no chance of parole in a jurisdiction which bans capital punishment has nothing to lose from killing a prison guard—there is no marginal deterrence to the commission of a more serious crime or any additional crime for that matter. In fact, so long as there remains any upper limit to the amount of punishment that can be inflicted upon a convicted criminal, the only ways to create some type of marginal deterrence are to reduce the punishments for less serious crimes, which will either reduce the deterrence of those less serious crimes, or alternatively to require the use of more of society's scarce resources to increase the probabilities of apprehension and conviction.It is possible to reduce this marginal deterrence problem, however, by practicing cruel and unusual punishment on perpetrators of serious crimes, i.e. by raising the limits of allowable punishment. Anecdotal evidence suggests this practice is followed unofficially with child molesters and killers of prison guards and hence provides some additional deterrence against these crimes.Despite the theoretical validity of this argument, our society has chosen to impose a constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Furthermore, over time we seem to have lowered the threshold of what is considered cruel and unusual. Following Dr. Pangloss, the concluding section of the paper examines why rational maximizers would choose to give up this additional potential deterrence. The explanations depend upon an assumed positive income elasticity of demand for humanitarianism or for insurance against the costs of punishing the innocent. While there are some reasons to accept the humanitarianism argument, the insurance argument seems more persuasive.     

论我国未成年人社区矫正体系的构建——以刑事一体化为视角

我国目前的社区矫正只适用于被法院判定有罪的人。基于未成年人的主体特征,对于未成年犯的社区矫正体系不应仅仅局限于法院审判阶段的监禁刑替代措施和审判后的非监禁刑罚执行,还应将审判前的侦查及起诉阶段纳入到社区矫正的适用范围,即以刑事一体化为视角构建未成年犯的社区矫正体系。     

整体分离痕迹在刑事案件中的应用

本文基于整体分离技术原理,针对犯罪现场遗留的木材,探讨木材无断口分离痕迹检验的必要性和可行性。利用年轮特征的稳定性和特定性研究木材无断口整体分离检验鉴定技术方法及其程序。为检验鉴定提供客观依据和现实可能,为诉讼提供可靠证据。     

Urban Regeneration Policy from the Integrated Urban Development Model in the European Union: an Analytical Approach Based on the Study of Spanish Cities

For several years, local governments have been tackling new challenges related to the regeneration of their cities within the physical sphere, as well as in their economic and social aspects. This task is developed in accordance with what has been called the Integrated Urban Development Model, understanding the integrated nature of this approach not only in terms of the spheres of public policy involved, but also in relation to their management. In this paper, this management is analysed in terms of the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance and New Public Management (NPM). Using Spanish municipalities as a case study, this paper develops an analytical tool for the analysis of this model of urban intervention within the European context, paying close attention to the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance from a multilevel perspective, as well as the development of mechanisms for NPM.     

贵州省城乡统筹发展再观察:对城市“反哺”论的批判

城乡统筹不只是"物质"形态上的统筹,它强调了一种"文明"的统筹。衡量城乡统筹状况的指标包括经济融合、人口融合、生活融合、社会发展融合、农业现代化等指标。研究表明,当前贵州城乡差距依然存在且较大,一定程度上意味着城市"反哺"论的失灵。为此,应实施以山区特色产业开发为支撑的"一二三战略"。     

论经济犯罪的刑民一体化模式——从著作权犯罪切入

目前,我国关于经济犯罪的实质性规定体现在刑法典中,附属刑法形同虚设,刑事规范与民事、经济、行政等前置性规范处于分离状态。刑事规范与前置性规范的脱节,不但使刑法因频繁变动而损害了稳定性,而且易于违背其二次规范属性而冲在打击经济违规的第一线。因此,应采用刑民一体化的附属刑法模式,将经济犯罪的内容直接规定于前置性规范中。立法要坚持刑法是保障法的指导思想,根据宪政要求恰当设置立法权限,并协调好附属刑法与刑法总则的关系。     

Reassurance: A Strategic Basis of U.S. Support for Israel

This article argues that Israel experiences a unique perception of the perils of anarchy that drives it to a strategic preference for disproportionately offensive action against rivals and enemies. Actions taken pursuant to that doctrine have caused serious inconvenience to U.S. foreign policy in the Mideast for over four decades. This article argues that by reassuring Israel, both diplomatically and with arms sales, that the United States is committed to its survival, the United States has obtained significant measures of strategic restraint on Israel's part. That restraint has brought significant benefit to the United States as it seeks to guarantee regular access to the vital resources of the Middle East. This article provides examples of both successful reassurance and reassurance denied to illustrate the argument that U.S. support produces tangible strategic benefits for the United States.     

浅论创造性思维的特征

创造性思维的表现为创新性、突破性和开拓性。创造性思维是在认识新事物、解决新问题时,自己独立地创造出新思路、新方法、新概念。它是多种思维方法的综合运用,也是多种思维形态的综合运用,更是多种思维方式的综合运用。