Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

"弱国家"形态及其根源:印尼的案例

本文主要探究弱国家的形态特征及其根源,并具体分析了印尼这一个案.所谓弱国家,是指政府(履行其基本职能的)能力滑坡、社会结构趋向于涣散的这一类国家,是介于正常运转国家与失败国家之间的一种国家类型.造成弱国家局面的因素是多方面的,既包括政治形态转型期的新旧二元结构冲突,也包括原本就比较松散的种族一宗教结构,以及全球化时代来自世界体系的压力.新权威主义可能是转型时期国家避免弱国家局面的一种实用制度和策略.     

按生产要素分配的理论与实践——兼谈按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合

生产要素主要是指劳动、资本、土地和经营才能。收益在不同的生产要素之间进行分配, 各生产要素在获取报酬时, 是以让渡自己的产权为前提条件的。在改制企业, 工资分配与红利分配的关系越来越紧密, 收入差距将继续扩大。工资改革的基本思路是： 依托企业产权制度改革, 培育和完善市场主体, 建立合理的收入分层机制, 实现三大分配原则, 保证收入分配与社会经济目标和企业经营目标的融合与协调。     

影响青少年心理行为问题的社会环境和家庭因素探析

青少年的心理行为问题一直困扰着教师和家长,对个体、家庭乃至社会造成负面影响.通过对社会环境和家庭因素分析,青少年心理行为问题有其产生的必然性.青少年的违法行为大部分在外界环境的诱惑下产生,带有明显的情绪色彩和盲目性,只有从感化他们的内心,措施得当,并为青少年营造一个良好的社会环境,学校、家庭和个人积极合作,才能预防青少年心理行为问题的发生.     

试论毒品犯罪与社会化治理

毒品严重危害人类健康和社会安宁。现已成为政府和社会各界密切关注的社会问题。毒品犯罪有其特定的社会因素。在治理中必须加强社会主义文化建设；加大宣传力度，搞好新型毒品的预防教育；加强对娱乐场所的管控。消除毒品泛滥的渠道；加快经济发展，完善社会保障，狠抓禁吸强戒工作；加大打击力度，发挥专门机关的职能作用；铲除境外毒源，与周边各国协作，共同打击毒品犯罪。     

关于韩国对朝鲜投资的制约因素及其对策

朝鲜半岛北南关系的改善为韩国对朝鲜投资开拓了广的前景,但投资的制约因素依然存在,因此,要探讨新的投资途径。     

青少年法治意识养成中的家庭因素

家庭因素是青少年法治意识养成的外在关键因素,具体而言应包含家庭主体因素、家庭成员因素、家庭关系因素、家庭环境因素等。要想培养青少年形成完善、健全的法治意识,最现实的做法就是先使其形成正确的法治观念,使家庭的"有意培养"转化为青少年无动因的自然依从,使他们从对法律理性认识基础上产生法治理性心理。     

社会文明结构:二分法抑或三分法

社会文明结构是一个比较具有争议性的问题，其中二分法和三分法的争论尤为激烈。二分法是一种长期以来居于学术界正统地位的观点，然而它具有在科学上的不严格性及与社会实践的不相适应性等缺点。社会文明的结构应该是物质文明、制度文明、精神文明这三个要素的统一体。制度文明是一种与物质文明、精神文明相区别的独立的客观的社会存在。构建“制度文明”范畴，引入物质文明、制度文明、精神文明三分法，具有众多的理论依据和重大的社会实践意义。     

论贪污贿赂案件犯罪嫌疑人翻供的外在因素及其对策

近年来,由于贪污贿赂案件的犯罪嫌疑人作案手段日趋隐蔽,手法更为高明,心理准备更加充分,反侦查能力日渐提高,出现翻供的案件比例呈逐年上升的趋势,翻供的面更广、程度加深。遏制和制服翻供成为当前反贪查案工作的难点。因此,全面分析掌握翻供原因,做好预防工作,采取有效对策,对制服犯罪嫌疑人,全面查明犯罪事实,提高办案效率和办案质量具有重要的意义和作用。