300例心源性猝死案例的法医学鉴定分析

目的探讨心源性猝死案例的病因、诱发因素及法医病理学特点,以期为心源性猝死案件的法医病理诊断提供参考。方法收集法医病理检案中的心源性猝死案例,对其年龄、性别、死亡时间、死因、诱因及场所等流行病学特点进行回顾分析。结果 300例心源性猝死案例中男性多于女性,18~45岁发病最多;病因包括冠心病(129例),心肌病(78例),心肌炎(36例)等;应激为SCD最常见的诱发因素(157例)。结论 1应激和冠心病是心源性猝死的重要危险因素。2心源性猝死的法医学鉴定除了要进行系统的尸检及病理学检查外,还要对死者的相关资料如:基础疾病、诱因、死亡时间、死亡经过等进行全面系统的分析以明确死因。     

实验性大鼠急性心肌缺血的酶组织化学观察

本文报告50只雄性Wistar大鼠结扎左冠状动脉所致早期急性心肌梗死（缺血1～8h的组织化学变化。结果发现：糖原含量在缺血1h、NADHD和LDH活性在缺血2h梗死区明显下降；缺血4h，酶活性下降发展到全部缺血区。CCo.CK及ATP酶活性下降在缺血4h明显，缺8h发展到整个缺血区。非缺血区NADHD、LDH、CK、ATP酶活性能耐受死后自溶的影响达24h以上，具有法医学实践意义。糖元（PAS染色）和PPr在死后早期降解快，非缺血区与缺血区无显著性差异，因此缺乏法医病理学应用意义。     

牛和猪人工感染牛带绦虫的囊尾蚴形态与肝组织的病理变化

将试验动物牛和猪分为 4 组:A组(从江牛带绦虫感染牛组)、B组(从江牛带绦虫感染猪组)、C组(都匀亚洲牛带绦虫感染牛组)及 D组(都匀亚洲牛带绦虫感染猪组)。分别灌喂从江牛带绦虫和都匀亚洲牛带绦虫的孕节,并于感染后第67 d剖检,对牛带绦虫人工感染牛、猪的囊尾蚴形态与肝组织的病理变化进行了观察比较。结果显示,A组、B组、C组囊尾蚴分布在肝,C组囊尾蚴分布在肝、心、肾及四肢肌肉等;A组、B组囊尾蚴外有少量纤维组织包绕,A组囊尾蚴囊壁向囊腔内突出生长,周围有少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;B组、D组囊尾蚴发生坏死、钙化,周围有大量嗜酸性粒细胞及中性粒细胞浸润,D组肉芽肿形成,B组、D组均有大量纤维组织增生。     

化学脱色法制备白癜风动物模型

用５％过氧化氢外涂豚鼠脱毛区２０、３０和４０ｄ后，使豚鼠皮肤色素减少，呈苍白或白斑状，ＭＡＯ活性增加，ＣｈＥ活性下降，Ｉｇ含量增高，有模拟白癜风的作用。     

SABC法对伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株在仔猪体内的定位

运用免疫组织化学SABC法对人工感染伪狂犬病病毒的仔猪部分组织进行组织学观察。结果显示,在肺、大脑、小脑、脊髓、脊神经节、淋巴结、扁桃体、胸腺、脾、肝、肾、肾上腺、胃、肠等组织内均发现阳性细胞,尤其在肺、神经组织和淋巴组织内为多,病毒主要侵害上皮细胞、神经细胞和淋巴细胞,主要存在于被感染细胞的胞浆和胞核内,但以胞浆内为主。     

Effect of Temperature on Bone Tissue: Histological Changes

The analysis of burned human remains has been of great interest among forensic anthropologists largely due to the difficulty that their recovery, classification, reconstruction, and identification present. The main purpose of this analysis is to present histological methodology for the interpretation of bones altered by thermal processes. We include analyses of the microscopic changes among bones exposed to different temperatures, with the goal of establishing categories of histological morphology in relation to fire temperature. Samples of bone (ilium) were exposed systematically to controlled temperatures. Analysis of the resulting histological changes has allowed the formation of a clear four‐stage classification of the alterations observed. This classification should prove useful in assessing bone changes in relation to temperature of exposure, particularly in cases where this temperature was previously not known.     

Internal Morphological Analysis for Age Estimation of Blow Fly Pupae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Postmortem Interval Estimation*

Abstract: Larvae and pupae of blow fly species are frequently used in postmortem interval estimation, their age indicating minimum time since death. Most studies have considered age estimation of larvae, neglecting study of pupae. Relative development of external pupal features is useful, but there are also internal changes during metamorphosis that may be indicators of age, utilizing histological techniques. This study aimed to optimize preservation and histological analysis of blow fly pupae, specifically Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), and to examine internal features with potential for age estimation. Effect of hot‐water‐killing and different preservatives were examined. It was determined that blow fly pupae should be pierced through the three tagma, hot‐water‐killed, and preserved in 80% ethanol as the optimal preservation for subsequent analyses. Hematoxylin and eosin stained pupal sections revealed differences in brain and thoracic muscle development throughout the pupal stage with potential for age estimation.     

绵羊棘球蚴病的病原学鉴定及组织病理学观察

从疑似棘球蚴病病羊的肝以及肺分离包囊,抽取囊液,离心取沉淀,分离基因组DNA,用PCR方法扩增NADH脱氢酶亚基1(ND1)基因并测序,对棘球蚴感染羊进行了病原学鉴定,并对患病羊的肝和肺病灶进行了病理学分析,以确定病原体的性质及所致的组织病理学变化。BLAST分析结果显示,所获ND1序列与细粒棘球绦虫(G1基因型)ND1序列的相似性达99.9%,判定该病例由G1型细粒棘球蚴引起。取包囊及其周围肝、肺组织进行石蜡切片、HE染色,观察结果显示,细粒棘球蚴包囊的形成对肝和肺造成的损伤是多方面的,除有压迫性组织萎缩,结缔组织及胆管大量增生造成的肝硬变外,尚见肝急性变性、过敏性炎症反应等。肺除压迫性萎陷外,还有间质增生炎症、囊液外渗引起的过敏反应等。本研究表明,采用PCR方法可以准确确定该病的病原性质,结合病理学观察分析,可揭示羊细粒棘球蚴病引起的组织病理学变化及器官损伤的机制。     

ALIENATING AUDIENCES FROM INNOVATION: THE PERILS OF POLEMICS, IDEOLOGY, AND INNUENDO

When judging innovative programs like Family Bridges™, it is important to balance careful scrutiny with openness to new ideas. Judicial responses to children who reject a parent are best governed by a multifactor individualized approach. A presumption that allows children and one parent to regulate the other parent's access to the children is unsupported by research. A custody decision based solely on the severity of alienation leaves children vulnerable to intensification of efforts to poison their affections toward a parent. Concern with possible short-term distress for some children who are required to repair a damaged relationship should not blind us to the long-term trauma of doing nothing. Professionals are urged to minimize the infusion of polemics, rigid ideology, and rumors when offering opinions with inadequate information, particularly public statements that risk harming children.     

FAMILY BRIDGES: USING INSIGHTS FROM SOCIAL SCIENCE TO RECONNECT PARENTS AND ALIENATED CHILDREN*

This article describes an innovative educational and experiential program, Family Bridges: A Workshop for Troubled and Alienated Parent‐Child Relationships^TM, that draws on social science research to help severely and unreasonably alienated children and adolescents adjust to court orders that place them with a parent they claim to hate or fear. The article examines the benefits and drawbacks of available options for helping alienated children and controversies and ethical issues regarding coercion of children by parents and courts. The program's goals, principles, structure, procedures, syllabus, limitations, and preliminary outcomes are presented. At the workshop's conclusion, 22 of 23 children, all of whom had failed experiences with counseling prior to enrollment, restored a positive relationship with the rejected parent. At follow‐up, 18 of the 22 children maintained their gains; those who relapsed had premature contact with the alienating parent.