Fatal Injury Caused by a Ram (Ovis Aries) Attack

Animal‐inflicted injuries to humans are a major public health problem around the world resulting in great morbidity, money loss, and mortality. They are related to wild and domestic animals alike. Animals can cause injuries by various mechanisms—biting, stinging, crushing, goring, stomping, butting, kicking, pecking, etc. We present a case of a ram's attack with fatal consequences. A 4‐year‐old, 120 kg jezersko‐sol?ava breed ram with prior history of aggressive behavior inflicted multiple injuries to his 83‐year‐old owner, who died in the hospital a few hours later due to severe blunt force injuries sustained in the attack. The autopsy revealed the cause of death to be multiple injuries of the thorax and the head. Sheep, even though they are not considered aggressive or large farm animals such as cattle and horses, can inflict serious injuries with devastating results.     

Youthful animal abuse and later problem behavior outcomes: findings from two generations

The objective of this study was to document the long-term relationship between youthful animal abuse and a variety of problem behavior outcomes later in life. Data were used from a national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study, which assessed families across 27 years from 1977 to 2004. The analytic sample consisted of 2538 individuals who were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression modeling that controlled for important demographic factors. Hypotheses were tested across two generations separately showing that a history of animal abuse does, indeed, predict later problem behaviors, including serious offending, marijuana use, other drug use, alcohol use, and deviant beliefs. Depending on the outcome examined, each model accounts for 5–34% of the variation in respondents’ problem behaviors. Within each model, animal abuse was often one of the strongest predictors. Implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions are discussed.     

Cruelty to Animals and Violence to People

The topic of animal cruelty has been largely neglected by criminological researchers. However, studies suggest that children who are cruel to animals disproportionally tend to be violent to people later in life. Case histories of serial killers and mass murderers suggest that many were cruel to animals in their childhood. Furthermore, it is argued that cruelty to animals in a family tends to be associated with domestic violence, child abuse, and elder abuse. Unfortunately, much of the previous research was based on small, unrepresentative samples, with poor or no control samples and retrospective information. Prospective longitudinal surveys of large representative samples are needed. Family based prevention programs might be effective in reducing cruelty to animals, but experimental evaluations of such programs are required. The time is ripe for a major research program to advance knowledge about the causes and prevention of animal cruelty and its implications for criminology.     

19世纪后半期俄国远东地区对中国东北农畜产品的需求

19世纪中叶俄国占领中国黑龙江以北、乌苏里江以东大片领土并向该地派遣驻军和移民后，俄国远东地区所需物资、尤其是农畜产品极度缺乏，所缺农畜产品中的相当大部分需从相邻的中国东北购买。19世纪后半期中国东北农畜产品的对俄输出，一方面满足了俄国远东地区对粮食、肉类和畜力的迫切需要，从而为该地区的经济发展提供了先决条件；另一方面，对中国东北农牧业的发展也起到了一定的促进作用。     

猪 犬和兔胃黏膜分区及黏膜皱褶的分布特征

采用胃外翻充盈观察法、全胃切开观察法和方格测试面积法对猪、犬和兔胃黏膜分区和黏膜皱褶分布进行了比较解剖学研究。结果显示,猪的贲门腺区和胃底腺区比较大,幽门腺区比较小;犬和兔的胃底腺很大,幽门腺区比较小,贲门腺区很小。猪和兔胃底腺区的颜色比较深,幽门腺区的颜色比较浅;犬的贲门腺区和胃底腺区的颜色差别不大。猪、犬和兔贲门腺区和幽门腺区的黏膜皱褶相似;猪的贲门腺区和胃底腺区的黏膜皱褶差别不大;猪和兔胃底腺区的黏膜皱褶相似;犬的胃底腺区发达,黏膜呈脑沟脑回状。猪、犬和兔胃小弯附近区域的黏膜与贲门腺区、胃底腺区和幽门腺区的黏膜有移行关系,可视为移行区。胃黏膜分区及黏膜皱褶分布的研究为动物胃的生理学和病理研究提供了基础资料。     

A fatal elephant attack

A rare case of an elephant attack is presented. A 44-year-old man working as an elephant keeper was attacked by a cow elephant when he tripped over a foot chain while the animal was being medically treated. The man fell down and was consequently repeatedly attacked with elephant tusks. The man sustained multiple stab injuries to both groin regions, a penetrating injury to the abdominal wall with traumatic prolapse of the loops of the small bowel, multiple defects of the mesentery, and incomplete laceration of the abdominal aorta with massive bleeding into the abdominal cavity. In addition to the penetrating injuries, the man sustained multiple rib fractures with contusion of both lungs and laceration of the right lobe of the liver, and comminuted fractures of the pelvic arch and left femoral body. The man died shortly after he had been received at the hospital. The cause of death was attributed to traumatic shock.     

《SPS协定》与我国进出境动物检疫法律规范的完善

进出境动物的检疫日益成为各国为保护本国利益采取的有效措施之一,同时也是SPS协定基础上各世界贸易组织成员唯一可以使用的非关税技术措施。我国目前关于进出境动物检疫的相关法律规定滞后,没有充分利用WTO赋予各成员国在动物检疫方面的某些权利。我国应当基于SPS协定,扩大进出境动物检疫的内容和范围、完善具体检疫措施和规定以及创设对我国有利而WTO规则没有禁止的检疫制度,进而完善我国进出境动物检疫法律规范。     

The Forensic Pathology of Fatal Attacks by the Large Mammals Inhabiting the Nordic Wilderness—A Literature Review

Fatalities due to animal attacks are rare in forensic medical work but have been known to pose problems due to their potential to mimic homicide. This review summarizes reported cases of fatal attacks by large mammals that inhabit the Nordic wilderness, namely brown bear, moose, wild boar, and wolf, and attempts to elucidate injury patterns that can guide the forensic pathologist to identifying the species and modus operandi of the attacker. A tendency toward a species‐specific injury pattern was observed. Injuries by bear and especially wolf are dominated by biting whereas moose and wild boar do not seem to bite their victims. The bear uses its paws, both for hitting, resulting in crush injury and fractures, and clawing with resulting excoriations and possible penetrating injuries. Crush injuries and fractures appear, on the other hand, to be minimal or absent in attacks by wolf and wild boar.