试论资信的含义

资信是民事主体从事民事活动的能力和社会对其所作的综合评价，属于名誉权范畴。它由民事主体的经济实力、经济效益、履约能力和商业信誉等要素决定，并具有专属性、时间性、非财产性、客观性、差异性和绝对性。     

浅议涉外网络名誉侵权案件的管辖权问题

涉外网络名誉侵权行为的实施地不易确定,损害结果地为数众多,传统民事管辖权的规则面临挑战,目前国际上在理论和司法实践中存在着不同的观点和做法。我国立法也没有明确的规定。针对网络名誉侵权行为的特点,网络名誉侵权案件应由侵权行为地法院或被告住所地法院管辖,侵权行为地包括实施被诉侵权行为的网络服务器、计算机终端等设备所在地和受害人受损害的结果地,损害结果地是指诽谤言论的传播地,同时又是原告的住所地或居所地或工商营业所所在地或法人的营业地,如果侵权行为地和损害结果地不一致,由原告选择管辖法院。     

浅议应收帐款的管理——对坏账准备金的思考

坏账准备金的提取是应收账款管理中重要方面之一 ,它制约着应收账款的回收效率 ,管理费用的账务处理及资产和税金的数额。国家对此制定了严格的制度、措施 ,但在实际执行中仍存在认识及处理等问题。为了体现货币时间价值 ,保证各种企业在市场经济中公平竞争 ,必须对其进一步改革。     

论保护私人财产的法律制度的完善

江泽民在党的十六大报告中明确提出要“完善保护私人财产的法律制度”,引起了公众的极大关注。本文作者从私人财产法律制度的发展历史,我国私人财产的法律制度完善面临的问题以及如何完善保护私人财产的法律制度提出了自己的构想。     

侮辱罪构成要件中“公然”的理解

名誉权是人格权的重要组成部分。在现代社会中,名誉权的保护对个人乃至整个社会的发展与稳定具有重要意义。刑法作为对名誉权保护的最后手段,具有谦抑性的特征,加之法益冲突的存在,因此对名誉权的刑法保护范围应作限制。侮辱罪中"公然"要件的设立就是合理限制刑法对名誉权保护范围的表现。然而,司法实践中对"公然"的理解存在不同的意见,尤其是对究竟是"行为的公然"还是"结果的公然"存在分歧,造成了一定程度上的混乱。通过具体分析"公然"要件的含义可知,公然应当是针对行为而言的,不存在"结果的公然"。此外,为了防止不当扩大刑法对名誉权的保护范围,还应限制传播性理论的适用。     

新闻媒介侵害刑事被害人名誉权的思考

媒介侵权行为特指大众传播媒介的内容侵害他人人格权的行为。新闻媒介缺乏法律意识,在对刑事诉讼案件进行报道时,一味追求所谓新闻的真实性,在报道受害人的被害经过及结果的同时,也侵害了受害人的人格权,由此引发新闻侵权诉讼。在新闻侵害人格权下,受害人可以依照《民法通则》及《刑法》保护自己的利益。     

Managing the reputation of restructuring corporations: send the right signal to the right stakeholder

When restructuring their operations, companies intend to minimise environmental uncertainty; however, corporate restructuring increases the unintended uncertainty for stakeholders, as constituents often lack the information or understanding on how ongoing reorganisations would affect them. This paper proposes to manage restructuring through reputations, ie send information signals to the constituents. This contribution analyses the problems of reputation, integrating knowledge on information efficiency and information problems, and proposes five tasks of reputation management of restructuring corporations: release more information, release consistent information, simplify information, reach your stakeholders and reach competitors' stakeholder(s). Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

Electoral foundations of parliamentary questions: evidence from the European Parliament

Parliamentary questions (PQs) provide a useful tool for members of the European Parliament (MEPs) to control the executive at supranational level and to promote their reputation among relevant groups (party, interest groups and constituency). Previous works have just focused on macro-functions of questions, neglecting the opportunity for MEPs to use them as a re-election and re-selection strategy (micro-functions). In this article, it is argued that PQs are a relevant instrument in the hands of parliamentarians in order to increase their reputation and build up their political image. In particular, it is considered how variation in electoral systems might affect legislative behaviour and, especially, the number of questions asked. Using a new data set on oral and written questions to the European Commission and the Council, the article demonstrates how candidate-centred electoral systems incentivise MEPs to ask more questions than legislators elected under party-centred systems.     

The ecology of trust among hackers

Malicious hackers profit from the division of labour among highly skilled associates. However, duplicity and betrayal form an intrinsic part of their daily operations. This article examines how a community of hackers uses an automated reputation system to enhance trust among its members. We analyse 449,478 feedbacks collected over 27 months that rate the trustworthiness of 29,985 individuals belonging to the largest computer hacking forum. Only a tiny fraction of the forum membership (2.4%) participates in the vast majority (75%) of ‘trust exchanges’, limiting its utility. We observe a reporting bias where the propensity to report positive outcomes is 2.81 times greater among beginner hackers than among forum administrators. Reputation systems do not protect against trust decay caused here by the rapid expansion of the community. Finally, a qualitative analysis of 25,000 randomly selected feedbacks indicates that a diverse set of behaviours, skills and attitudes trigger assessments of trustworthiness.     

行政机关侵犯公民名誉权及精神损害赔偿责任

虽然我国现行的行政法律制度并未在行政侵权赔偿责任中确认精神损害赔偿,但违法的行政行为可以构成对公民名誉权的侵犯,并造成精神损害,在确立法治行政原则的现代社会,行政侵权赔偿中肯定精神损害赔偿,有利于衡平公共权力与公民权利,在全社会确立民主法治意识。