Family self‐sufficiency and housing

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, an increasing number of initiatives have been introduced to link housing programs and policies with efforts designed to promote family economic self‐sufficiency. This article reviews a set of programs that have worked to manipulate various components of the housing bundle to improve the economic well‐being of acutely poor families. They include programs that modify the characteristics and services available in the local community, alter families’ residential location, provide incentives and opportunities for homeownership, and link the provision of housing subsidies to increasing local capacity for service delivery.

This article suggests that the centrality of housing in fostering or impeding economic mobility makes it a key element in dealing with acute poverty and part of a creative strategy for intervening in the dynamics of poverty. Several important areas need to be taken into account when evaluating current policy; and multiyear evaluations will be necessary to determine the success of these programs.     

民族旅游与族群认同、传统文化复兴及重建--云南民族旅游开发中的"族群"及其应用泛化的检讨

民族旅游在云南旅游中占有越来越重要的地位。云南各少数民族在旅游开发的特定场景中 ,族群意识借助于民族身份的再认同被强化 ,甚至比以往更强烈 ,并在与民族旅游发展的互动中不断传承、延续、发展。在这一过程中 ,云南的民族旅游推动着各少数民族传统文化的复兴和民族身份、民族精神的再建构得以不断展现 ,而且为族群文化的复制、再造和再生产提供了前所未有的场景和舞台。     

乡情治理:县域社会治理的情感要素及其作用逻辑--基于顺德案例的考察

公共管理的现代性发展相对忽视了情感要素的治理功能,本文基于顺德案例提出"乡情治理"概念并探析其运作逻辑,以呈现传统文化和情感要素对县域社会治理的重要价值。经验考察表明,乡情治理的核心是基于经济、社会纽带和共同文化符号的情感场域,并通过以下特征治理要素发挥作用:乡情凝聚下的"新士绅"和议题网络作为主体;传统节日和文化场合作为公共平台和议事空间;爱乡、奉献、共荣等地方价值内嵌为利益协调和集体行动规则;发达的民间和社区慈善作为内生治理资源。乡情治理是对基层自治、法治和德治的补充和催化,为"共建、共治、共享"的社会治理格局增加了"共荣"的精神动力和文化内涵,为乡村振兴和城市化进程带来新的治理想象力。     

民族地区乡村振兴的贵州实践

贵州是多民族省份,民族文化资源丰富、生态环境良好,但由于历史、地理等原因,长期以来人们思想封闭、观念落后,经济社会发展滞后。随着市场经济的高速发展,城乡居民消费已经转型升级,正由数量型向质量型转变、由温饱型向健康型转变,这种转变带来了居民消费革命、市场革命,继而带来农村产业革命。在贵州民族地区实施乡村振兴战略,就必须解放思想,对传统产业进行革命,培育发展新型经济,深挖民族特色文化,大力发展民族特色文旅产业,为乡村振兴提供动力源泉,同时还要注重乡村振兴的多样性、主体性、文化性,确保振兴后乡村的特色,推动乡村振兴战略的实施取得实效。     

Immigration effects on crime in a midwestern,nontraditional destination: a neighborhood-level analysis of Cincinnati,Ohio

Abstract

A wide-ranging body of research on the immigration-crime relationship has shown that immigration does not increase community crime levels. However, most prior studies have focused on traditional immigrant destinations or border cities. This study addresses several gaps in this line of research by exploring immigration effects on neighborhood levels of Violent and Property Index crimes for the 2008 to 2014 period in Cincinnati, Ohio – a Midwestern, mid-sized, nontraditional immigrant destination. Overall, our findings are consistent with previous research and indicate that controlling for other factors, the percent foreign-born has largely neutral effects on census tract-level crime rates in Cincinnati. Moreover, our findings show no signs of indirect effects of immigration on crime through neighborhood disadvantage.     

乡村振兴中少数民族主体地位的实现路径——基于社会创业的视角

社会因素与经济因素相互作用共同影响着少数民族农牧民的经济活动安排,重视经济理性而忽视经济行为背后的社会结构就会产生农牧民主体地位缺失问题。社会创业强调经济与社会的融合关系,尤其是重视社会在经济活动安排中的功能发挥,为民族地区乡村振兴提供了新视角。课题组对内蒙古通辽市3个苏木12个嘎查进行调查,发现了少数民族农牧民主体地位缺失的原因,并以扎鲁特旗玛拉沁艾力养牛合作社为例,阐释本土化社会创业是实现少数民族农牧民主体地位的根本路径。     

Comment on James E. Rosenbaum,Linda K. Stroh,and Cathy A. Flynn's “Lake Parc Place: A study of mixed‐income housing”

Abstract

Rosenbaum, Stroh, and Flynn confirm existing community leader perceptions that this model mixed‐income development in the predominantly low‐income South Side of Chicago has produced a positive residential environment. Increased tenant voice, not role modeling, seems to be a factor in producing increased resident satisfaction with the building and a strong sense of commitment to the mixed‐income alternative to exclusively low‐income housing projects. The extra resources invested in physical improvements and the extraordinary media attention paid to this model project may have created a “Hawthorne effect,” which also produced higher levels of satisfaction. The existence of this successful model is not sufficient to provide more housing alternatives; community‐based advocacy for more mixed‐income developments is needed.     

Brownfield redevelopment and affordable housing: A case study of New Jersey

Abstract

A total of 779 New Jersey residents were surveyed to determine the number of people who during the next five years would be willing to move to housing built on brownfield sites that have been remediated to the extent that they pose no plausible brownfield‐related health risk to residents.

Fourteen percent of the respondents said they would be willing to move to and live in housing built on cleaned‐up brownfields. These respondents were disproportionately relatively poor and young and resided in apartments and cities, especially cities where the city government was actively promoting brownfields. These respondents also did not like their current neighborhoods, did not feel threatened by the idea of living on a cleaned‐up brownfield site, and trusted experts to advise them on the health risks involved.     

The American metropolis at century's end: Past and future influences

Abstract

The American metropolis at century's end is vastly different than what many expected just 50 years ago. At mid‐century, seers envisioned a clean, rationally planned city of the future, free of long‐standing problems such as traffic and poverty. The reality is more complex. We built a new metropolis that addressed some major problems while simultaneously creating a host of new ones. The next 50 years will undoubtedly contain similar surprises.

In conjunction with the 1999 Annual Housing Conference, which looked at the legacy of the 1949 Housing Act, the Fannie Mae Foundation commissioned a survey that asked urban scholars to rank the key influences shaping the past and future American metropolis. The “top 10” lists that resulted are the focus of this article.     

现代化大学的由来

德意志民族神圣罗马帝国在拿破仑战争中灭亡后，德意志最大的邦国普鲁士开始了一场迈向现代化的大改革运动。在“国兴科教”战略的指引下，洪堡、费希特等人在总结启蒙时代以来教育思想和大学发展一般趋势的基础上，根据“科学、理性、自由”的原则，推行了一条理想主义的新人文主义教育路线，并创办起人类历史上第一所现代化大学---柏林大学。在德意志教育思想家深邃理论与开明君主“宽容政策”的结合中，人们能够探寻到现代化大学的由来与演进历程。