应用等电聚焦电泳对人精液黄递酶Ⅲ表型分布的研究

应用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳对武汉地区198例成人精液黄递酶Ⅲ(DIA_3)作了分型。观察到4种表现型,基因频率分别为DIA_3~1=0.7727;DIA_3~2=0.2172;DIA_3~3=0.0101。对保存精斑进行检测证实,室温下保存9周的精斑仍能作DIA_3分型。在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中引入分离剂HEPES,提高了分辨率。改进后的等电聚焦技术尤适于DIA_3基因产物的分离。文中还调查了我国汉族人群DIA_3频率分布,并与其它群体资料作了比较。     

汉族12个STR位点群体遗传学调查

目的240个汉族无关个体12个STR位点基因频率调查及其法医学应用;方法采用12位点复合扩增及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳基因分型;结果该系统12个STR基因位点在汉族人群中均为高识别率位点,特别适合于陈旧血痕检验;结论12位点STR-PCR复合扩增系统检测方法简便,经济实用,在法医个体识别和亲子鉴定中具有应用价值。     

应当建立实习劳动关系制度——宪法视野下的高校实习生权益保护

我国高等教育已步入普及时代,大学生数量急剧增加。作为一项必经教学项目,每年都有数目庞大的高校生参加实习以进一步学习掌握实践知识。由于立法上未建立实习劳动法律关系制度,广大高校实习生的合法权益保护尚处于法律空白。文章论证对在校实习生劳动者法律地位确认的正当性和必要性,并提出实习劳动关系这一概念,以期能对高校实习生合法权益的保护做出有益的探讨。     

论基本权利作为法律行为无效的判断标准——最高法院1988年“工伤概不负责”案《批复》之检讨

宪法基本权利确立了一套客观价值秩序,既适用于国家与人民,也拘束私法关系,是法律行为效力的判断标准之一。由于宪法时下还不能作为判断法律行为无效的直接依据,应当将侵害基本权利的法律行为无效事由认定为违背公序良俗。违反法律与违背公序良俗都是法律行为无效的判断事由,基本权利透过公序良俗即可单独否定法律行为效力。最高法院1988年工伤概不负责案的《批复》将基本权利既视为法律又视为公序良俗,以此否定法律行为效力,在方法上欠为妥当,应予检讨。     

An experimental extension to the discrete Laplace method for Y-STR haplotype frequency estimation

Frequency estimation for Y-STR haplotypes is a challenging problem because limited data are available and complex dependencies exist within the data. As a result, various statistical methods have been proposed for frequency estimation. The discrete Laplace method has been recommended in some contexts by the DNA commission of the ISFG. This method is limited to haplotypes with single integer repeat alleles only at all loci. We propose a generalisation of the method that handles duplicated loci such as DYS385 and less common alleles that are not integer repeats. The extension is implemented in an experimental R package called disclapmix2.     

Strong and weak family ties revisited: reconsidering European family structures from a network perspective

Family systems appear to be an important factor framing people's individual behavior. Thus far, family systems have been primarily addressed on a macro regional level with indirect measures. Revisiting Reher (1998) and the family ties criterion, the main question of this paper is to examine to what extent we perceive family structures differently in Europe by taking direct measures of the structures of people's broader social networks into consideration. Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we derived two indicators of family regimes based on individual-level data regarding the density of ego social networks: contact frequency and geographic proximity among network members. We aggregated these data and mapped them on the NUTS 2 level regions for various locations in Europe. The results of our analyses exhibit that, based on these two network indicators, significant differences in family structures between European regions exist. These results confirm the classification of strong family Southern and comparatively weaker family Northern European regions to a large extent, though substantial regional differences in and between countries are also revealed. Our findings demonstrate that the classification of European regions largely depends on which indicator of network density we consider. This is particularly obvious in the Eastern European regions where the classification markedly differs according to the type of network indicator. Intriguingly, social networks in Central European regions can be characterized as rather loose, often even looser than the ‘traditional’ weak ties in Scandinavia. Family regimes can, therefore, be regarded as a construct of multiple dimensions of which one dimension may be classified as weak while the other can be strong at the same time.     

建设社会化治安防范机制的整体性思考

党委政府领导下的专门机关与群众路线相结合是建设社会化治安防范机制的根本原则;与时俱进,因地制宜,推进防范主体的多元化、建设形式的多样化、防范内容的宽泛化、责权利的市场化、防范机制的网络化,是社区警务建设的最好载体;建立、完善并落实领导、法律、载体、警力、监管等保障体系是持久发展的关键。     

中国的国际法学:问题与思考

中国的国际法学在繁荣发展的同时,也存在诸多的问题。这些问题主要集中在对国际法和国际法学的作用和功能认识不足,国际法学研究中实用主义和功利主义色彩较浓,国际法学研究与国内法学研究脱节,国际法学研究的基础薄弱,国际法学的研究队伍青黄不接等方面。这些问题的解决,不仅需要整个社会对国际法和国际法学确立正确的认识、提供有力的环境,而且在终极上需要所有国际法学者的共同努力。     

DNATyper^TM15基因座的研究与选择

目的为研发复合扩增荧光检测试剂盒,对现有的STR基因座进行分析研究并优选新的高鉴别力基因座。方法收集汉族、锡泊族、畲族、壮族、藏族等5个民族群体血样共1200份,提取DNA,应用复合扩增方法检测1200名5个民族群体无关个体的24个基因座的等位基因分布。结果TPOX和TH01基因座的等位基因在5个民族群体中分布不平衡;D2S1338、D6S1043和Penta E等3个STR基因座在5个民族群体中均具有高度遗传多态性,等位基因频率分布均匀,在各群体间无显著差异,而且等位基因传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。结论确定出DNATyperTM15试剂盒中的14个适合中国人群体遗传学特征和法医学应用的STR基因座。     

《共产党宣言》的三大特性

《共产党宣言》（以下简称《宣言》）是马克思、恩格斯在1847年共产主义同盟第二次代表大会的召开时，为世界上第一个国际性的无产阶级政党拟定的“周详的理论和实践的纲领”。《宣言》发表160年来马克思主义的发展历程表明，马克思主义具有与时俱进的理论品质，《宣言》是不断发展着的开放性的科学理论体系，具有指导性、系统性和开创性三大特点。