系统法学在中国——纪念全国首届法制系统科学讨论会召开15周年

1 98 5年全国首届法制系统科学讨论会的召开 ,标志着系统法学在中国的崛起。其历史背景是多种社会文化因素作用于法制建设和法学研究的结果。运用系统法学的“结构目标”和“效果目标”对其反馈检验 ,发现虽然成果累累 ,但是“目标差”巨大。系统法学面临着非常规意义上的挑战。     

虚拟现实技术在公安教育训练中的应用研究

虚拟现实是利用计算机技术来生成一个逼真的三维视觉、听觉、触觉或嗅觉等感觉世界,让用户可以从自己的视点出发,利用自然技能和某些设备对这一生成的虚拟世界客体进行浏览和交互考察。应用虚拟现实进行公安教育训练工作,除上述固有特点外,还具有独特的效益,主要体现在减少训练伤亡和节约训练经费两个方面。协同训练平台是多人利用计算机网络,在一个实时三维场景中,通过网络通信来相互配合完成一项任务;同时,系统提供相关信息的知识库,记录整个操作过程,再提供给专家评判系统。     

Enhancing rural learning,linkages, and institutions: the rice videos in Africa

Africa Rice Center (WARDA) facilitated the development and translation of 11 rice videos. From 2005 to 2009, WARDA partners translated them into more than 30 African languages. Open-air video presentations enhanced learning, experimentation, confidence, trust, and group cohesion among rural people. The videos strengthened capacities of more than 500 organisations and hundreds of thousands of farmers. WARDA's integrated rural learning approach also helped women to access new markets and credit. Learning videos allow for unsupervised learning; unleash local creativity and experimentation; facilitate institutional innovations; and improve social inclusion of the poor, youth, and women.     

Security as Socio‐Technical Practice: Predictive Policing and (Non‐)Automation

Predictive policing is among the most prevalent new technological tools for law enforcement. Understanding how the police produce knowledge about crime and society in technologically mediated ways is important vis‐a‐vis practices of social ordering. In this paper, I suggest to draw on literature from Science and Technology Studies (STS) in order to understand the impact of technology not as analytically isolated artefact, but as embedded in socio‐technical relations that define how it comes to matter in everyday practice. In order to demonstrate what it means to think about technology in socio‐technical terms, I engage the discrepancy between the technical capacities of predictive policing applications and the ways in which they actually become part of police work on a daily basis. Specifically, I investigate how claims about the automation of crime analysis in predictive policing are reconfigured through the interplay of social and technical elements in police work.     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.     

小儿智力咀嚼片提取工艺研究

目的优选小儿智力咀嚼片的最佳提取工艺。方法以远志酸的含量为指标,利用正交设计法考察溶剂种类、溶剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对实验的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数。结果最佳提取工艺参数为:以60%乙醇为溶剂,加10倍量,提取0.5 h,提取2次。结论该工艺可用于小儿智力咀嚼片的提取。