美国国内政治生态与台湾问题上的“双轨政策”——以里根时代为例

中美建交以来,美国对台湾问题奉行"双轨政策".文章以该政策的始作俑者--里根时代的台湾问题为例展开论述.首先,简述里根时代"双轨政策"的表现.接着,从美国国内政治的角度透视了里根奉行该政策的缘由,认为这是由总统个人的外交哲学以及美国国内政治生态中的诸因素共同决定的.最后,通过回顾建交以来历届美国总统"双轨政策"的演变得出结论,认为在透视当前和预测未来的美国对台湾问题政策时,要关注美国政治生态中诸项因素的作用.     

社会资本对农民工信任流入地政府的影响研究

农民工已然成为我国城市建设和经济发展的中坚力量,但由于户籍制度和城乡二元体制的影响,他们无法得到城市、农村两地政府的有效服务和管理,导致他们对政府的信任感偏低。本文利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所2008年12月在陕西省X市LH区对农民工进行实地调查所获得的数据,以政府信任理论和社会资本理论作为理论基础,对西部农民工信任流入地政府现状及影响因素进行研究。研究结果发现,高素质、年轻一代的农民工对流入地政府的信任感低;社会资本越丰富的农民工越信任流入地政府;政治活动参与意愿越强、社会经济地位越高的农民工则越不信任流入地政府。     

论我国农村垃圾回收处理公益信托制度

农村垃圾已经成为农村环境污染的主要来源,但是我国关于农村垃圾的回收、处理和污染防治的现行法律制度存在着诸多缺陷：法律体系上不健全、基础设施建设严重滞后、垃圾回收与处理机制不完善、监督机制基本空白,美国、日本、中国台湾等环境公益信托的经验表明,我国可以在《信托法》的基础上,结合农村垃圾回收与处理的实际需要,围绕设立、信托财产、委托人、受托人、受益人、监察人、管理机构、税收优惠等方面,构建农村垃圾回收与处理的公益信托制度,以解决农村环境保护的燃眉之急。     

The tussle with trust: Trust in the news media ecology

This article offers a conceptual exploration of the changing notion of trust and distrust in today's news media ecology. Central is the question whether the relationship between the traditional media actors, media organisations, journalists and news users, can be increasingly characterised by distrust. Do we really notice a decline in trust in the news media? And moreover, are these feelings of distrust grounded? In order to answer these questions, we look at the changing economic, technological and societal context and how this might explain the strained relationship between these actors. We find that to a large extent the goals of the media actors diverge or even conflict. Mutually bridging these goals is difficult as they boil down to ideological and normative choices. This requires us to reconsider our ways of looking at trust. Therefore, this article's central argument is that a trusted relationship between the media actors is unlikely to result from a definitive settlement between the actor's conflicting goals. Rather, maintaining a trusted relationship is likely to become a matter of constant renegotiation. For this renegotiation to succeed, transparency and integrity are key. We find inspiration in the recent work of Solove (2001), Nissenbaum (2004) and Mansell (2008, forthcoming) to take a different, more contextual approach towards the notion of trust. As regards the relationship between news organisations and users, we suggest these norms should be negotiated in a balanced and transparent way, giving users an equal say in the process. The relationship between journalists and news users should be guided by a mutual interest in truth telling, whereby users are not only merely seen as consumers, but also as potential contributors to news stories. Policy makers in turn should act as facilitators of such spaces of renegotiation.     

Trust in the information society

Trust is an important feature for all users of the Internet who rely on the safety and security of network technologies and systems for their daily lives. Trust, or the lack of it, has also been identified by the European Commission’s Digital Agenda as a major barrier to further development of the information society in Europe. One of the areas in which concerns have been raised is in relation to children’s safety online. As a result, substantial efforts have been made by policymakers and by the industry to build greater trust and confidence in online digital safety. This paper examines what trust means in the context of children’s use of the Internet. Should policy on trust enhancement, for instance, include children’s own trust in the technologies or services they use or is it sufficient to seek to reinforce parental and adult confidence that children can be adequately protected? What is required to build that trust from either perspective? Does it need, or should it include a relationship of trust between parents and children? To tease out these questions further, the paper examines current European Union policy frameworks on digital safety, particularly industry responses to the call for a more trusted Internet environment for children, and argues that technical solutions to be effective need to carefully balance a number of competing objectives and to be sufficiently grounded in evidence of parental and child experience of the Internet.     

Trust in the clouds

The “cloud” is not new, and its roots go back to the original plans for computing from the 1950s. Now that computing is moving back to the original cloud-based models that were envisioned more than 60 years ago, with it, consumers are realizing the increases in security and safety that accompany the move to centralized servers. Yet the perception of “trust” in this context is often still formed by views that people have from their use of computers over the past two decades, which is localized in nature (“if I can see it, I can control it”). This view is based on perception more than fact. Our paper discusses different views of trust in other contexts (such as banking and travel) and concludes that users of cloud computing should recast their view of trust in a similar way that consumers of banking and travel have changed their perceptions of trust in the last 100 years.     

我国信托法关于讨债信托与诉讼信托无效的规定应当删除

应当将关于讨债信托与诉讼信托无效的规定从我国《信托法》中删除。基本理由：该法关于讨债信托无效的规定的适用将致使已成为政策工具的公司债信托与金融不良债权信托成为无效信托,故该规定在目前已成为“推动公司债券发行”与“刊离国有商业银行金融不良债权”这两项我国现阶段的重要金融改革政策所要达到的目标的法律障碍,甚至关于该规定已成为后面一项政策目标实现的法律障碍已有司法判例佐证;该法关于诉讼信托无效的规定完全没有必要存在于其中,因为在我国并不存在从国家有效规制金钱债权代替行使行为角度看需要该规定的法律背景与社会背景,况且将该规定保留在该法中对债权人明显不利。     

试论警察公共关系在社区警务中的运用

警察公共关系建设与社区警务战略有着相互影响、相互促进的紧密关系,与社区警务工作在宣传群众、服务群众、组织群众上有着一致性,对于解决当前社区警务工作中出现的新情况、新问题有着积极的促进作用。警察公共关系建设无疑是实施社区警务战略的“推进器”。     

信赖与信赖利益考

信赖是当事人相信要约或合同而为签订合同所导致的财产减少和与他人订约机会的丧失,信赖利益是对合同或要约赋予了信赖一方当事人所故有的,因信赖可能或已经受到损失的利益,对信赖利益的救济包括期待利益损害赔偿和信赖损害赔偿两种手段,且对信赖利益的损害赔偿不应以期待利益为限。     

论诉讼信托和讨债信托的效力——探讨《信托法》第11条第4项

我国《信托法》第11条第4项规定,专以诉讼或者讨债为目的设立的信托无效。然而,该条文是对日本《信托法》移植的结果,我国并没有禁止诉讼信托和讨债信托的理由。同时,该条文容易被规避且难以被认定,在司法实践中缺乏适用的空间。再者,该条文不仅与我国现行的诸多法律条文和制度产生冲突,而且与我国减少社会不良资产和增强我国公民法律意识、维权意识的目的相违背,故应当删除。事实上,诉讼信托和讨债信托不仅符合信托设立的要求,而且能使债权人、债务人受益,并起到减少讼累等有利效果,因此,应当承认诉讼信托和讨债信托在我国的合法地位。