A large-scale study of the relationship between blood and breath alcohol concentrations in New Zealand drinking drivers

Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) and corresponding breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) were determined for 21,582 drivers apprehended by New Zealand police. BAC was measured using headspace gas chromatography, and BrAC was determined with Intoxilyzer 5000 or Seres Ethylometre infrared analysers. The delay (DEL) between breath testing and blood sampling ranged from 0.03 to 5.4 h. BAC/BrAC ratios were calculated before and after BAC values were corrected for DEL using 19 mg/dL/h as an estimate of the blood alcohol clearance rate. Calculations were performed for single and duplicate breath samples obtained using the Intoxilyzer (groups I-1 and I-2) and Seres devices (groups S-1 and S-2). Before correction for DEL, BAC/BrAC ratios for groups I-1, I-2, S-1, and S-2 were (mean+/-SD) 2320+/-260, 2180+/-242, 2330+/-276, and 2250+/-259, respectively. After BAC values were adjusted for DEL, BAC/BrAC ratios for these groups were (mean+/-SD) 2510+/-256, 2370+/-240, 2520+/-280, and 2440+/-260, respectively. Our results indicate that in New Zealand the mean BAC/BrAC ratio is 19-26% higher than the ratio of the respective legal limits (2000).     

血液中丙泊酚的GC-MS分析

目的应用气质联用仪(GC-MS),建立快速、灵敏地分析血液中丙泊酚的定性定量方法。方法血液1mL,加入内标,采用液液提取方法处理,GC-MS选择离子(SIM)模式测定。结果在0.1～10μg/mL范围呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9931,最低检测限(LOD)为0.05μg/mL。结论所建立的方法简便、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,可满足法庭毒物分析和临床毒物分析的需要。     

固相萃取毛细管区带电泳法测定全血中甲基苯丙胺

目的建立全血中甲基苯丙胺的固相萃取毛细管区带电泳法检验方法。方法血液采用OasisHLB固相萃取小柱直接萃取,BeckmanP/ACEMDQ毛细管电泳仪区带法分析。结果回归方程y=0.0083x-0.0164,线性范围5～75μg/mL(r=0.994),日内精密度RSD=2.22%,日间精密度RSD=5.31%,盐酸甲基苯丙胺质量浓度为25.0μg/mL的全血相对回收率(91.63±2.5)%。电泳分离良好,空白无干扰。结论本方法操作简便,适用于全血中甲基苯丙胺的检验。     

阴茎动脉Doppler超声分析

目的研究健康成年男性阴茎背动脉(DA)、海绵体动脉(CA)PI、RI及S/D的正常值。方法将257名健康成年男性按年龄分为5组,分别为<30岁组65名,30～39岁组83名,40～49岁组61名,50～59岁组38名,60岁以上组10名。用Logidop!2型数字式Doppler超声血流仪检查双侧阴茎背动脉、双侧海绵体动脉PI、RI及S/D值。结果阴茎疲软状态下,阴茎背动脉、海绵体动脉PI、RI和S/D值个体左右比较无差异,各年龄组也无差异。建议正常参考值分别为:(1)LDA:PI1.43～3.43,RI0.72～0.92,S/D2.68～10.56。(2)RDA:PI1.47～3.47,RI0.73～0.93,S/D3.27～10.09。(3)LCA:PI1.49～3.21,RI0.74～0.90,S/D3.17～9.55。(4)RCA:PI1.93～3.27,RI0.72～0.90,S/D3.22～9.42。结论作为一种筛选手段,Doppler超声血流检测手段,有一定的应用价值。     

血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的气相色谱-质谱检测研究

目的建立血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的气相色谱-质谱联用定性、定量检测方法。方法血液或脑脊液盐酸酸化后,氢氧化钠碱化(pH=9),乙醚提取,氮气流下挥干,乙醇定容,气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,选择离子监测模式检测(86,58,72,87),定性、定量检测血液和脑脊液中利多卡因。结果血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的线性范围为1.0～60.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),检出限为0.02μg·mL-1(S/N=3),加样回收率为85%～103%,麻醉致死犬血液和脑脊液中检出利多卡因,结果满意。结论该法选择性好,干扰少,灵敏,准确,可用于生物体液中利多卡因的定性和定量检测。     

脐带血的法律问题思考

随着干细胞领域科学研究的不断拓展,脐带血(也可称为脐血)成为治疗血液疾病的宝贵资源。现实中出现了脐带血的主体是胎儿还是孕妇、妇产科医生和公共脐血库是否负有告知相对人脐血价值等事项的义务、脐带血与身体分离之后性质究其是物还是仍属身体一部分以及对脐带血中所含基因隐私如何进行保护等问题。脐血的采集、保存及管理应尽快纳入到法律规定中。     

脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理研究

目的：探讨脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理,为脑络通的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用多因素病证结合气虚血瘀脑缺血大鼠模型,观察了局部脑组织血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）,脑水肿,血流流变性,血浆血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）及前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的变化,结果：脑络通能显著增加模型鼠ｒＣＢＦ,减轻脑水肿程度（Ｐ〈０．０１）,能显著改善模型鼠血流变性,能显著降低模型鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２水平,升高ＰＧＩ２水平（Ｐ〈０．０５     

Salt,high blood pressure,and performance‐based regulation

Performance‐based regulation is a new approach to public health promotion. The aim of this article is to explain how this idea might be applied to the public health goal of reducing salt consumption as a way of reducing high blood pressure and thereby saving lives. Performance‐based regulation is compared with competing regulatory strategies.     

潜血手印四甲基联苯胺显现法的改进

对四甲基联苯胺显现潜血手印在实际工作中遇到的不足进行了优化,结合案例,运用比较的方法说明优化前后显现效果的不同。     

化瘀通络、分清泌浊法治疗高尿酸血症肾病38例临床观察

目的 :观察化瘀通络、分清泌浊法对高尿酸血症肾病的疗效。方法 :治疗组 38例口服化瘀通络、分清泌浊中药 ,配合口服别嘌呤醇 ,每次 10 0mg ,每日 2次。对照组 38例口服别嘌呤醇 ,每次 10 0mg ,每日 2次。结果 :治疗组总有效率为 86 .8% ,对照组总有效率为 6 3.2 % ,治疗组疗效优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗组 2 4h尿蛋白定量、尿素氮及血肌酐治疗后较治疗前明显下降 ,治疗组疗效优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :化瘀通络、分清泌浊法可明显改善高尿酸血症肾病患者临床表现 ,降低尿蛋白 ,改善肾功能。