Effects of Homeopathic Mother Tinctures on Breath Alcohol Testing

In some countries, it is illegal to drive with any detectable amount of alcohol in blood; in others, the legal limit is 0.5 g/L or lower. Recently, some defendants charged with driving under the influence of alcohol and have claimed that positive breath alcohol test results were due to the ingestion of homeopathic mother tinctures. These preparations are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, or decoction of herbal material in hydroalcoholic solvent. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the alcoholic content of three homeopathic mother tinctures and their ability to produce inaccurate breath alcohol results. Nine of 30 subjects gave positive results (0.11–0.82 g/L) when tests were taken within 1 min after drinking mother tincture. All tests taken at least 15 min after the mother tincture consumption and resulted in alcohol-free readings. An observation period of 15–20 min prior to breath alcohol testing eliminates the possibility of false-positive results.     

The Application of Flow Cytometry as a Rapid and Sensitive Screening Method to Detect Contamination of Vitreous Humor Samples and Avoid Miscalculation of the Postmortem Interval

Research into maximizing the speed, precision, and reliability of estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) has been a recurring object of investigation and methodologies based on the vitreous humor (VH) have provided good results. However, contamination from causes not readily apparent, such as blood, can occur, and thus lead not only to an erroneous estimation of PMI, but also interfere with the correct identification of other substances in the VH. We have developed a flow cytometry method which quantifies blood contamination and is able to detect erythrocytes in 1:750,000 dilution of contaminated VH which affects the results of hypoxanthine. It is an improvement on the previous more complex mass spectrometry method, being faster, more sensitive, and readily available. As such, it could be proposed for the rapid screening of appropriate samples by detecting and eliminating blood contaminated samples from PMI estimation.     

Introduction of a standardized "paternity index" for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in paternity testing

The introduction of a standardized paternity index (PI) for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in cases of disputed paternity is proposed and explained. By using the PI $\text{X}\text{Y}$ as parameter, it is not necessary to give the information of the probability of paternity in percent. The PI includes the full information of the blood group findings. In addition to that, by using the suggested standardization based on the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter the test volume is also taken into account. The interpretation of the mathematical result is given by verbal predicates, the limitations of which are orientated by the verbal predicates for the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter, published by us elsewhere. Besides the essential fact that the test volume is taken into account, the most important advantage of this procedure is that the mathematical result is involved in the court decision only by the PI (which is free of any valuation) and its verbal predicate and not by sometimes relatively high percentages, which may be misunderstood by laymen.     

抗人N单克隆抗体的理化特性研究及其初步应用

本文报告理化因素对抗人N单克隆抗体(ON_1D_3)活性的影响。P~H及反应温度对ON_1D_3单克隆抗体与人红细胞的血凝反应有显著的影响。较适宜的实验条件为P~H7.0,温度30℃。在此条件下对155例新鲜血液及60例陈旧血痕样品进行MN分型。结果与用市售兔抗N血清测定的结果完全一致,证明在上述条件下,ON_1D_3单克隆抗体可用于临床常规血液分型及法医学上对陈旧血痕MN血型的测定。     

针灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与NO的关系

建立７０％乙醇灌胃致大鼠胃粘膜急性损伤模型，以胃粘膜血流量，胃跨壁电位差，胃粘膜损伤指数为指标，并测定血液中，胃粘膜中一氧化氮含量，研究针灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与ＮＯ的关系。结果显示：针灸对胃粘膜损伤具有保护作用。ＮＯ的前体Ｌ－精氨酸和ＮＯ的代价供体硝普钠对胃粘膜也有保护作用，而ＮＯ合成酶的抑制剂Ｎ－亚硝基左旋精氨酸未显示出胃粘膜有保护作用。     

月经血鉴定与基质金属蛋白酶-11

月经血鉴定是法医血痕检验的内容之一。本文就月经血鉴定的几种经典方法进行回顾,并分析其应用局限性。基质金属蛋白酶-11是一种能降解细胞外基质的水解蛋白酶,有研究提示基质金属蛋白酶-11以其在月经血中表达的特异性和检测方法的灵敏性有可能成为对月经血鉴定的新一代标志物。本文对基质金属蛋白酶-11的结构、功能、在月经血鉴定中的应用及展望进行综述。     

一种制备酶标记抗体的新技术及在血痕种属鉴定的应用

本实验建立了一种过碘酸钠氧化法为基础、制备ＨＲＰ标记的免抗人ＩｇＧ抗体的新技术。首先以己二酰二肼作为肼化剂，在ＩｇＧ分子上接上肼基，然后以过碘酸钠作为氧化剂，使ＨＲＰ分子上的糖基氧化为醛基，进而使醛基与联结在ＩｇＧ分子上的肼基形成Ｓｃｉｆｆ氏碱而达到酶与抗体的联接。在用斑点ＥＬＩＳＡ方法鉴别血痕种属的研究中，该法制各的酶标记抗体具有高效价，高敏感度，高特异性等优点。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血液中的美西律

目的建立测定血液中美西律(mexiletine)的液相色谱-串联质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)。方法采用简便的乙腈蛋白沉淀法对血液进行预处理,应用Allure PFP Propyl液相柱分离,用电喷雾正离子模式离子化,多反应监测模式对美西律进行分析。结果美西律与内标纳洛酮分离良好,在0.02～10.00μg/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9999,回归方程为y=0.0283x-0.0151,日内与日间精密度的RSD均小于15%,最低检测限为0.01μg/mL。结论建立的LC-MS/MS方法简单、灵敏、可靠,可同时适用于美西律临床药物监测和法医毒物分析的需要。     

In Memoriam: C. C. Aronsfeld (1910–2002)

ABSTRACT

Enoch Powell's ‘rivers of blood’ speech, delivered forty years ago, in April 1968, had a significant impact on British politics. Commentators are divided between those who have defended Powell's remarks and those who have condemned them. Hillman evaluates the responses, and reassesses the speech. He focuses on five key issues: Powell's motives; whether the speech was racist and/or racialist; the relationship between the speech and Conservative Party policies; Powell's electoral impact; and his forecasts with regard to numbers of people with minority ethnic backgrounds within the population.     

糖尿病微血管病变从阴虚血瘀论治探析

糖尿病微血管病变属于中医学“消渴”范畴,具有现代医学微血管病变的典型特征和中医阴虚血瘀的典型证候表现。阴虚是消渴之本,血瘀是消渴之标,阴虚血瘀是其根本病机。滋阴生津、活血通脉是中医调理糖尿病微血管病变的根本途径。