Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for hair analysis of methylphenidate

Examination of various SIM cards and smart card devices indicates that data may be retained in SIM card memory structures even after heating to temperatures up to 450 degrees C, which the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has determined to be approximately the maximum average sustained temperature at desk height in a house fire. However, in many cases, and certainly for temperatures greater than 450 degrees C, the SIM card chip has suffered structural or mechanical damage that renders simple probing or rewiring ineffective. Nevertheless, this has not necessarily affected the data, which is stored as charge in floating gates, and alternative methods for directly accessing the stored charge may be applicable.     

论利用ATM机故障恶意取款行为的定性——兼论侵占罪、盗窃罪、信用卡诈骗罪实行行为的区别

利用ATM机故障恶意取款行为是指信用卡的合法持卡人,或者经持卡人合法授权的人,在明知银行的ATM机出现技术故障的情况下,进行取款、转账等操作程序,非法占有银行资金的行为。这种行为具有五个特征,即信用卡的真实性、主体的合法性、银行的过错性、行为的形式正当性和主观的恶意性。对利用ATM机故障恶意取款的行为应当定盗窃罪,而不能以信用卡诈骗罪或侵占罪处罚。     

从沈阳取消暂住证制度看外来流动人口管理

沈阳市公安局取消对外来人口办理暂住证制度,推出对外来人口“市民化管理、亲情化服务和人性化执法”的免费申报暂住登记制度。这一举措不仅体现了“立警为公,执法为民”的思想;同时也为外来流动人口管理提供了新思路。     

Immunohistochemical staining as a potential method for the identification of vaginal epithelial cells in forensic casework

There is currently no accurate method to identify vaginal epithelial cells uniquely. This study aimed to use a cell extraction procedure compatible with routine forensic sampling methods, and to investigate the expression of cytokeratin (CK), estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in order to distinguish between skin, buccal, vaginal, and external penile epithelial cells. Seminal fluid samples were also examined. Epithelial cell samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in agarose, and processed using histological methods. Antigen-antibody reactions were detected using the DAKO Envision+ detection system. CK was present in all cells from all five sources confirming the origin of cells as epithelial. Both ERalpha and PDE5 positively labeled vaginal, buccal, and skin epithelial cells. Although an antigen unique to vaginal epithelial cells was not identified, we have described a cell extraction procedure for use in the immunohistochemical detection of a wide range of antigens, an approach compatible with forensic diagnostics.     

实施《居民身份证法》亟待明确的若干问题

实施《居民身份证法》亟待明确的问题有:公民换领,补领居民身份证,能否委托办证;冒用,购买,出售,使用,制作假的第一代居民身份证是否违法;对伪造,变造居民身份证如何鉴定;对拒绝查验居民身份证的行为能否实施处罚;必须规范居民身份证复印件的使用等,明确这些问题,以便基层民警更好地执行《居民身份证法》。     

日本FTA/EPA的新发展

在世界经济区域化、一体化进入以双边自由贸易为主、多层次自由贸易同时发展的新阶段下,日本FTA/EPA也出现了新的发展。日本政府对FTA/EPA的态度日益积极。2006年5月18日,日本经济财政咨询会议审议通过了经济产业省提出的“经济全球化战略”,制定了今后五年的“EPA行动计划”,提出了“东亚EPA构想”和“东亚OECD”构想。这表明日本政府在积极推动双边自由贸易的基础上,还将努力推动东亚自由贸易区和东亚共同体的发展。然而,日本与中国争夺东亚经济联合主导权的行径并不可取。     

Comparisons of protocols for enhanced DNA profile quality from FTA®-deposited urine samples

Disputes over the identity of a urine sample donor have been reported, and urine authentication by genetic profiling has helped resolved the cases. However, since genotyping of urine is not always required, many drug-testing laboratories may face sample storage issues. Several studies have investigated the use of FTA® cards as a convenient tool for keeping specimen at room temperature for extended periods of time. However, generating complete STR profile from some FTA®-deposited urine samples remains challenging due to low levels of genetic material content, necessitating amendments to the laboratory’s standard protocols. This work therefore aims to evaluate the effects of two DNA template preparation methods, both employing FTA® cards as the storage medium, on the success rates of STR profiling from urine. Specimen from a female volunteer, representing a particularly low-yield sample, was employed. Aliquots of 1 and 2 mL were used as the starting material to evaluate DNA template preparation using the FTA® manufacturer’s protocol for disc purification against elution of DNA from the FTA® using Prepfiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit. AmpFℓSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus PCR Amplification Kit was used to amplify the STR markers, and the PCR products were analysed using Applied Biosystems™ 3500xL Genetic Analyzer. The DNA profile qualities were examined in terms of number of loci detected and peak height balance. Comparisons with the profiles obtained from DNA isolated using QIAamp® DNA Micro Kit from 1 and 2 mL of the same batch of urine were also made. The optimised protocol was then tested on urine samples from three male volunteers. The results showed that the purification of FTA® punches according to the manufacturer’s protocol enabled full DNA profiles to be obtained from both 1 and 2 mL of urine from all samples tested, including male samples. In contrast, no DNA profile could be generated from the DNA eluted with the Prepfiler™ kit. When compared with the more conventional solid-phase DNA extraction method, the profiles generated from the FTA® punches exhibited similar reproducibility and quality to those from the template isolated by the QIAamp® Kit. This work further demonstrated the feasibility of FTA® cards as a tool for specimen storage and DNA template preparation from small volumes of urine for authentication by STR profiling. Full STR profiles could be generated from sample from both sexes without modification of the PCR conditions or injection time.     

信用卡项下银行的信息披露义务与消费者的知情权保护

银行在提供金融产品的过程中 ,必须和其他商品提供者一样 ,满足消费者知情权的要求。但是在信用卡领域 ,消费者在使用信用卡的过程中却处于极不完全的信息知晓状态。文章从信用卡申领 ,发放 ,使用三个过程 ,分析了实然状态下的国内立法 ,并通过与美国法的比较研究 ,指出由于目前国内信用卡相关立法很不完善 ,导致了消费者知情权处于毫无保障的地位 ,并由此导致消费者无法获得很好的法律保护。当务之急在于加速立法 ,平衡银行与消费者的权益 ,培育国际商业惯例下的信用卡使用环境 ,以应对外资行的挑战     

论盗窃并使用信用卡行为的行为定性

对盗窃信用卡并使用的行为如何定性在刑法学界存在着较多的争论。盗窃信用卡并使用的行为的定性应当具体情况具体分析,在刑法中并没有对此予以硬性规定的必要。     

FTA中数字知识产权规则研究

自从多哈回合谈判陷入僵局之后,各国开始积极谈判自由贸易协议,其中包含的国际经济贸易规则与WTO体系中的国际经济贸易规则有所不同,有学者将这种情形描述为"国际经济贸易规则重构"。知识产权规则作为国际经济贸易规则中的重要部分,各国在此领域的利益各不相同,体现于这些自由贸易协议中的具体规则也各有侧重。其中,网络技术发展作为对知识产权规则的发展变化有所影响的因素,也是各国在签订自由贸易协议时不可忽视的因素之一。在分析几个具有代表性的自由贸易协议中的数字知识产权规则的基础上,可以观察其中数字知识产权保护标准,结合实际情况讨论我国应当作何应对,从而更好地构建我国主导FTA法律框架中相应的知识产权规则。