论检察机关诉讼职能与监督职能的优化配置

近年来,我国有部分检察机关在职能配置方面做出改革,将诉讼职能与监督职能进行不同程度的分离。两职能的分离可以在一定程度上减少检察机关作为控方当事人和中立监督者之间的角色冲突,提升內外监督的适用效果。但在实践中,两职能在功能和运行上都难以分离,即使分离也会导致诉讼效率上的问题。因此,我们应正视检察机关职能配置改革中的局限性;坚持以诉讼职能为主,监督职能为辅的基本原则;在原运行模式的基础上,采取将一部分职能适度分离的优化进路;不同层级检察机关可结合各自特点,采用不同的职能配置模式。     

The effects of marital breakdown on offending: results from a prospective longitudinal survey of males

Abstract

We examined the factors that predicted marital separation in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, which is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 London males. We found that dishonesty, having a wife with a conviction(s), convictions, a poor relationship with parents, no exams passed, unprotected sex and having a shotgun marriage predicted marital breakdown. Males from broken homes due to marital conflict had a moderate risk of suffering marital breakdown themselves but the effect was mediated by having conviction(s). An analysis in which separated men were matched with controls on age at marriage, prior convictions and a propensity score predicting the likelihood of separation showed that a man's convictions increased after becoming separated. However, if a man formed a new intimate relationship, the increase in convictions after separation was reduced.     

Anticommunautarisme and the government of religious difference

Abstract

The 1901 Law on Associations and the 1905 Law on the Separation of Churches and the State constitute enduring landmarks in the government of religion in France. With these statutes, a religiously neutralized public space came into being, for the purpose of governing a religiously (and ideologically) divided population. A consideration of the legislative history throws light on the related concepts of laïcité and anticommunautarisme, without caricaturing the ‘secularist’ institutions of a French state where – as in other European liberal regimes – religious associations now play a definite but limited role in areas of governmental concern.     

论共犯脱离后的处罚

对脱离共犯关系的脱离者的处罚直接关系着共犯脱离理论在司法实践中的适用实效,也是罪刑相适应原则的要求。有鉴于此,文章在分析既有共犯脱离的处罚原则的基础上,立足于共犯脱离者人身危险性和社会危害性小的事实,认为共犯脱离者仅应对脱离共犯前的犯罪行为承担责任,并进一步分别论证出共犯者在着手前阶段脱离,着手后既遂前阶段脱离以及在犯罪既遂后阶段脱离所应承担刑事责任的大小。     

Juridical and constitutional implications of CARICOM treaty practice

In a case involving a CARICOM member state in relation to the Agreement Establishing the Council for Legal Education (CLE), several law students of one member state party to the Agreement were denied their entitlement to pursue professional studies in a school of law established for the purpose in another member state because the second member state had not implemented the relevant provision of the CLE Agreement. The CLE in the member state concerned pleaded the absence of an enacting provision in the Legal Profession Act as the ground for not observing the provisions of the Agreement. No action was brought at the international level by the state of the students aggrieved to vindicate their rights and the action brought by the students themselves at the municipal level did not and could not succeed. Following an overview of CARICOM treaty practice, this article examines the effects of unincorporated treaties in the light of dualism, to which doctrine the overriding majority of CARICOM states subscribe.     

民法典编纂中的立法模式悖论--基于商法规范如何安排的视角

在民法典立法中,商事法律处于何种位置?这一问题解决的好坏将直接关系到民法典立法的成败,甚至影响中国法治进程、影响中国市场经济的发展.中国大陆民事立法模式既非民商分立也非民商合一,在民法典立法思路上坚持民商合一的模式,却选择民商分立模式下的民法典作为范本,在逻辑上存在悖论.民法典立法不是要适当增加商法规则,而是要根据商事活动的需要,实现民法与商法的体系化,这完全是因为商法规则的特殊性决定的.民法典应该具有开放性,以适应复杂多变的现实.     

我国新型监狱体制改革的思考和探索

建国以来,我国的监狱管理体制一直沿用"监企社合一"的模式,随着改革开放的深入和市场经济的发展,这种监狱管理模式已经不能完成其所担负的职能,弊端日益显现,监狱体制改革势在必行。监狱体制改革的目标是逐步实现"全额保障、监企分开、收支分开、规范运行",建立公正、文明、廉洁、高效的新型监狱管理体制。     

三权分立抑或行政主导制——论香港特别行政区政体的特征

关于香港特别行政区（以下简称“香港特区”）政体特征,一直存在两种对立的观点,即行政主导和三权分立。香港特区政体既属于三权分立体制的范畴,又具有行政主导的特点。三权分立、行政主导是从不同角度对香港特区政体特征的描述,两者不是同一层面的事物,也不是割裂的关系。全面概括香港特区政体的特征,应是三权分立基础上的行政主导制。     

TOWARD THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HIGH‐CONFLICT FAMILIES: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND CANADIAN CASE LAW

Social science research and the courts have begun to recognize the special challenges posed by “high‐conflict” separations for children and the justice system. The use of “high conflict” terminology by social science researchers and the courts has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is an important development, but the term is often used vaguely and to characterize very different types of cases. An analysis of Canadian case law reveals that some judges are starting to differentiate between various degrees and types of high conflict. Often this judicial differentiation is implicit and occurs without full articulation of the factors that are taken into account in applying different remedies. There is a need for the development of more refined, explicit analytical concepts for the identification and differentiation of various types of high conflict cases. Empirically driven social science research can assist mental health professionals, lawyers and the courts in better understanding these cases and providing the most appropriate interventions. As a tentative scheme for differentiating cases, we propose distinguishing between high conflict cases where there is: (1) poor communication; (2) domestic violence; and (3) alienation. Further, there must be a differentiation between cases where one parent is a primary instigator for the conflict or abuse, and those where both parents bear significant responsibility.     

民商合一立法体例理论质疑

民法典总则的制定体例选择民商合一还是民商分立,其依据在于民法和商法的关系,民法与商法的精神理念、价值原则和制度规范均不相同,两种法律关系的异质性决定了不能制定一部调整所有民商事关系的民法典总则。民法典的固有功能在于规范市民社会关系,民商合一体例将民法典的调整功能扩展到合理性范围之外,是对于私法立法发展趋势的误判,在实践中没有成功先例。民法只能在自有逻辑和制度功能范围内回应商事领域的变化,无力指导商事特别法。商法规则进入民法总则会带来逻辑混乱和功能错位,因此,按照纯化的民法逻辑来构造民法典总则的内容和体系是理性选择。