显微共焦拉曼光谱技术区分喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文墨迹

目的建立显微共焦拉曼光谱法区分喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文墨迹的方法。方法利用显微共焦拉曼光谱技术所具有微量、微区、原位分析及非破坏性等特点,对24种常见彩色墨水墨迹分别进行检验。结果品红色墨点墨迹成分归类区分效果最好,其次是黄色墨点,最后是蓝色墨点。结论采用显微共焦拉曼光谱技术对彩色打印墨迹进行不同颜色单点分析可大大提高喷墨打印机厂家型号的识别率,是一种有效的检测手段。     

Viability of Human Articular Chondrocytes Harvested Postmortem: Changes with Time and Temperature of In Vitro Culture Conditions

Different studies of long‐term chondrocytes viability have shown a gradual reduction as a function of time and ambient temperature. The aim of our in vitro study was to establish chondrocyte postmortem viability curves for 4°C, 11°C, 23°C, 35°C during 63 days after the donors' death. Osteochondral cylinders were procured from the knees of 16 male donors (20–47 years), stored in preservation media that was not changed, and analyzed in 3‐day intervals using a confocal laser scanning microscope. A significant influence of time on viability was found from Day 9 (p = 0.0029) and onwards (p < 0.0001). The lowest overall chondrocyte viability was at 35°C, followed by 4°C (p < 0.0001). The conditions used in this in vitro analysis suggest that similar viabilities may occur while in situ in the decedent. Further studies of chondrocyte viability from individuals with known postmortem intervals may show premise to help evaluate time since death in the late postmortem interval.     

Effect of Temperature on the Visualization by Digital Color Mapping of Latent Fingerprint Deposits on Metal

Visualization of fingerprint deposits by digital color mapping of light reflected from the surface of heated brass, copper, aluminum, and tin has been investigated using Adobe^® Photoshop^®. Metals were heated to a range of temperatures (T) between 50°C and 500°C in 50°C intervals with enhancement being optimal when the metals are heated to 250°C, 350°C, 50°C, and 300°C, respectively, and the hue values adjusted to 247°, 245°, 5°, and 34°, respectively. Fingerprint visualization after color mapping was not degraded by subsequent washing of the metals and color mapping did not compromise the visibility of the fingerprint for all values of T. The optimum value of T for fingerprint visibility is significantly dependent of the standard reduction potential of the metal with Kendall's Tau (τ) = 0.953 (p < 0.001). For brass, this correlation is obtained when considering the standard reduction potential of zinc rather than copper.     

《诗经》赤范畴颜色词研究

以《诗经》为封闭语料,统计出赤范畴颜色词20个,将其分为语义颜色词和语用颜色词两类,其中语义颜色词有9个,语用颜色词有11个,二者出现的总词频数为50次。详细分析了《诗经》赤范畴颜色词的语义系统,总结其使用特点,在此基础上探讨了上古颜色词产生的途径。     

The development of analytical and interpretational protocols to facilitate the provenance establishment of polycarbonate headlamp lens material

Despite the forensic significance of polycarbonate headlamp lenses, robust analytical protocols to facilitate their discrimination are scarce. In this study, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been applied to the analysis of polycarbonate headlamp lenses with multivariate chemometrics techniques utilized to facilitate interpretation of the data. The analytical protocol involves the analysis of 46 analytes on material comprising the exterior surface of the lens. Using this data, it was found that although minor variation exists within a single headlamp lens, discrimination between lenses produced from a single manufacturing plant was still possible using iterative forward stepwise linear discriminant analysis processes. Discrimination between all headlamp lenses, with the exception of some lenses produced on the same day in a single plant, could be achieved using the analytical protocol. Furthermore, an interpretational protocol has been developed that has successfully classified all tested headlamp lens samples, within the discrimination limits of the analytical method.     

线聚焦显微激光拉曼光谱技术区分激光打印墨粉

目的利用Renishaw InVia激光显微拉曼光谱仪对打印墨粉进行区分。方法用785nm激发波长,采取线聚焦模式,50倍物镜条件下,测定了惠普等8个品牌25种硒鼓型号的30份激光打印机打印墨迹样品的拉曼光谱。结果 30种样品墨迹的谱图进行了分析,根据拉曼的异同,可将30种样品分为5大类。结论线聚焦显微激光拉曼光谱可用于区分不同种类激光打印墨粉。     

关于汉语语言在讯问笔录中准确使用的若干思考

讯问笔录是一种具有法律效力的文书,对于警方获取证据、全面分析研究案情、定罪量刑、总结办案经验、检查办案质量等各个环节都具有重要作用。然而在办案实践中,讯问笔录制作时汉语语言的使用还存在不少问题,因此我们应当准确使用汉语语言文字,提高讯问笔录的质量,提高公安机关的办案质量。     

Reverse engineering--rapid prototyping of the skull in forensic trauma analysis

Rapid prototyping (RP) comprises a variety of automated manufacturing techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography, and three-dimensional printing (3DP), which use virtual 3D data sets to fabricate solid forms in a layer-by-layer technique. Despite a growing demand for (virtual) reconstruction models in daily forensic casework, maceration of the skull is frequently assigned to ensure haptic evidence presentation in the courtroom. Owing to the progress in the field of forensic radiology, 3D data sets of relevant cases are usually available to the forensic expert. Here, we present a first application of RP in forensic medicine using computed tomography scans for the fabrication of an SLS skull model in a case of fatal hammer impacts to the head. The report is intended to show that this method fully respects the dignity of the deceased and is consistent with medical ethics but nevertheless provides an excellent 3D impression of anatomical structures and injuries.     

色觉电生理学研究进展及其法医学应用价值

色觉是视觉功能的重要组成部分。目前色觉的检查主要依靠主观检查方法,研究和探索色觉客观检查方法具有重要的临床意义和法医学价值。随着现代科学技术的日益进步,视觉电生理学检查方法已逐渐成为色觉临床诊断与研究的重要手段。视网膜电图（electroretinogram,ERG）可以对不同的锥细胞及色觉异常进行区分,不同颜色刺激所产生的视觉诱发电位（visual evoked potential,VEP）也有不同的形态特征。通过对不同视觉电生理学检测方法,尤其是视网膜电图、闪光诱发电位、图形诱发电位等在色觉研究方面的新进展等文献的复习表明,色觉电生理研究技术将为网膜功能、脑功能的法医临床学评定提供重要手段。