我国刑事强制措施之修缮

本文介绍了我国刑事强制措施的概况 ,分析了现行刑事强制措施的缺陷 ,并提出了完善强制措施若干问题的立法构想。     

Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for moderate to high-risk offenders?

Electronic monitoring (EM) of offenders has been in use for just over two decades and motives for using it remain diverse. Some agencies that use EM attempt to deliver humane and affordable sanctions while others seek to relieve jail crowding or to avoid the construction of new jails. Nonetheless, all EM programs aim to suppress the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be instrumental in reducing long-term recidivism. This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the review’s inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and combined for meta-analysis where appropriate. Given its continued and widespread use and the dearth of reliable information about its effects, the authors conclude that applications of EM as a tool for reducing crime are not supported by existing data. Properly controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM.     

行政拘留折抵刑期的实践性思考

刑期折抵是刑法甚至只是刑罚制度中的一小部分,但因涉及人身自由、执法公正、保护权益等重大问题,还是有较强的司法实践意义.最常见和有争议的是有约束行为人自由的行政拘留与刑期折抵之探讨,以毒品类犯罪为例,当下理论政策和实务操作不尽相同.在坚持现有规定的基础上,反思争议矛盾的由来,通过完善制度和调整实践,不断加强执法监督,可以实现刑期折抵之平衡目的和公正价值,进一步推动刑法成为保护权利,限制权力之法.     

Juvenile Court Context and Detention Decisions: Reconsidering the Role of Race,Ethnicity, and Community Characteristics in Juvenile Court Processes

The relationship between race/ethnicity, community dynamics, and juvenile court processes has long been established. Prior research has relied on city‐ or county‐level measures of community characteristics (e.g., racial composition, poverty) to examine how racial groups are processed within juvenile courts. To date, no study has utilized finer scale measures of geographic areas to examine how characteristics of juveniles’ communities impact court decisions. By utilizing official juvenile court data from a city in the southwest, this study draws upon attribution theory to examine how economic and crime community‐level measures directly and indirectly influence detention outcomes. Findings reveal that the effect of race and ethnicity in detention outcomes varies across communities, and the effect of ethnicity in detention decisions is mediated by economic community‐level measures. The theoretical and policy implications of the study findings are discussed.     

论船舶不当滞留在港口国的救济程序

由于各国标准的参差不齐及港口国官员的个人偏见,在港口国监控程序中难免出现船舶的不当滞留。通过对美国、加拿大、澳大利亚三国港口国救济程序案例的分析,指出现有港口国的救济程序中的缺陷,并讨论在船舶不当滞留时,船方如何通过港口国国内途径申诉,有哪些法律问题需要注意,如何更好地实现权利救济。     

Involuntary detention and treatment of the mentally ill: China's 2012 Mental Health Law

The long-awaited Mental Health Law of China was passed on 26 October 2012 and took effect on 1 May 2013. Being the first national legislation on mental health, it establishes a basic legal framework to regulate mental health practice and recognizes the fundamental rights of persons with mental disorders. This article focuses on the system of involuntary detention and treatment of the mentally ill under the new law, which is expected to prevent the so-called “Being misidentified as mentally disordered” cases in China. A systematic examination of the new system demonstrates that the Mental Health Law of China implicitly holds two problematic assumptions and does not provide adequate protection of the fundamental rights of the involuntary patients. Administrative enactments and further national legislative efforts are needed to remedy these flaws in the new law.     

看守所地位研究——从在押人员权利保障的角度

在我国,看守所隶属于负有侦查职能的公安机关,这种隶属状况使得看守所内被羁押者的权利经常让位于查明案件事实真相等方面的需要,造成了取保候审异化、律师会见受阻、刑讯逼供猖獗、牢头狱霸横行的局面,已经越来越偏离世界人权保障的要求。作为一种行之有效的方案,将看守所从公安机关分离出来,使其隶属于具有中立地位的司法行政机关,能够从一定程度上解决看守所内被羁押者的权利被漠视甚至被侵犯的问题,应该是我们司法改革的方向。     

论现代审前羁押制度遵循的普遍原则

原则作为规则的基础或本源是一种综合性、稳定性原理和准则,其特点是不预先设定任何确定的、具体的事实状 态,没有规定具体的权利和义务,更没有确定的法律后果,可称为规则的规则,是法律推理的权威出发点。审前羁 押制度遵循的普遍原则是指设置羁押制度时指导并使羁押制度具体化的原理和准则,是审前羁押制度以现代法 治理念为基础所形成的准则,归纳起来就是:程序法定原则、必要性原则、例外原则、比例原则、司法裁判原则和法 律救济原则。     

看守所安全防范工作的信息化主导对策

随着信息技术在看守所的深入应用及科技强警战略的实施,信息化应用正在日益融入并改变着看守所传统的管理模式,但在监管安全工作中,公安监管信息化建设方面仍存在认识不足、硬件滞后,规范欠缺等问题,针对上述问题,为适应新形势下公安监管工作的变化,提出了看守所安全防范工作的信息化主导对策。     

我国刑事强制措施制度的现状及完善

刑事强制措施制度的本质体现了实现刑罚与保障人权的对立统一关系,在实现国家刑罚的同时要最大限度的实现人权保障。我国现行刑事诉讼立法对刑事强制措施的采用规定了较为严格的条件和程序,但该制度仍存缺陷及不足,有必要在立法上进一步完善。