Market coordination and the making of conventions: qualities,consumption and sustainability in the agro-food industry

Abstract

The coordination of activity across sites and spaces of production and consumption is a key concern for economic analysis. Joining a revival in the application of convention theory to agro-food scholarship, this paper considers complementary insights – related principally to ‘the economy of qualities’ – that animate different aspects of e/valuation, competition and alignment. These understandings are extended by more thoroughly acknowledging contemporary developments in consumption scholarship. The arguments are advanced through a case study of the orange juice market, linking its current high-carbon trajectory to the commercial and cultural significance of freshness. The analysis offers new insights into distributed processes of qualification as well as the mechanisms through which conventions are assembled and sustained. Finally, a more integrated approach to food production and consumption is outlined.     

多类别养老保险对居民家庭消费影响的对比研究

在老龄化不断加深、居民消费率增长缓慢、消费需求日益多元化的背景下,研究不同类别养老保险对居民家庭消费水平和消费结构的影响日益重要。采用CGSS(2015)调查数据,使用倾向值匹配(PSM)回归模型,分析不同类别养老保险对居民家庭消费水平和消费结构的影响及内在机制,研究发现:参加基本养老保险和商业性养老保险均会显著增加居民家庭总消费、生存性消费和发展性消费,基本养老保险和商业性养老保险对发展性消费的增加效应均大于生存性消费;参加商业性养老保险对居民家庭总消费、生存性消费和发展性消费的增加效应大于基本养老保险;养老保险影响居民家庭消费的核心机制是居民的总收入以及再分配偏好。为拉动居民消费,应把第三支柱的个人养老金缴费纳入个人所得税专项或专项附加扣除;提高基础养老金的水平,进一步落实养老金水平的动态调整机制。     

Politics and Corporate‐Sector Environmentally Significant Actions: The Effects of Political Partisanship on U.S. Utilities Energy Efficiency Policies

This study assesses the direct, indirect, and total impacts of political partisanship on state‐level utilities' investment in energy efficiency. This subject is of utmost importance because energy efficiency improvement has become a linchpin in worldwide efforts to combat climate change and other environmental challenges. Analysis of data on 51 electric utilities nested within 31 U.S. states indicates that political partisanship influences utilities' energy efficiency policies. There is strong evidence that electric utilities in states dominated by the Republican Party are less likely to invest in energy efficiency than those in states governed by the Democratic Party. This finding suggests that political partisanship may be shaping the policy and regulatory frameworks put in place by state governments to incentivize or compel the participation of private‐sector entities' in environmental management and/or resource conservation.     

Down to Earth: Race and Substance in the Andes

Abstract — The racial identities of Indians and mestizos in a highland Peruvian region are closely associated with their relative positions to the earth. The agricultural Indians are closer to the earth and the town-dwelling mestizos are further from it. This distinction is maintained and reinforced through the use of material objects in everyday life, especially earthen objects (adobe bricks, clay pots, dirt roads) and to earth-touching objects (shoes, floors). This distinction accords with the relativity and fluidity of racial identities of individuals. The origins of this notion are traced to political and religious ideology in colonial and post-colonial Peru.     

转变经济发展方式的发展经济学考察

当前,世界经济处于脆弱的复苏期,这对于经济处于工业化中期阶段的中国来说既是挑战,也是进行结构调整,加速转变经济发展方式的战略机遇。要实现经济发展方式的良性转变,实现经济平稳增长,需要重新检视有关经济增长与发展的观念、政策,科学有效地推动经济发展方式的转变。     

高管在职消费与产品市场竞争的公司治理效应：替代还是互补？

目前鲜有文献关注高管在职消费隐性激励机制与外部产品市场竞争监督机制之间关于公司治理效应的相互关系。基于此，文章首先将产品市场竞争引入管理层在职消费问题的理论框架中，推导发现无论是在纯寡头亦或混合寡头市场结构中，高管在职消费与产品市场竞争之间的公司治理效应均存在明显的替代性。其次，文章选择2003—2015年中国沪深两市A股上市公司的大样本数据进行实证分析，结果表明，高管在职消费与产品市场竞争均能有效提升公司绩效，并且这两种机制间的公司治理效应存在显著的替代关系。进一步研究发现，上述结论在国有企业和民营企业中均成立，但仅存在于低薪酬和小规模企业中。最后通过机理分析发现，产品市场竞争机制主要通过信息冲突效应、市场掠夺风险效应、竞争淘汰效应三个路径弱化在职消费的激励效用。文章的研究结论丰富了公司治理机制的相关研究，为进一步完善公司治理体系提供了理论和经验证据支持。     

民族志:消费主义文化与当今人类问题

论文从民族志的视角,以交通工具之独轮车、汽车与高铁车辆发展的现实回答有关消费、消费主义文化与当今人类面临的问题,认为应对符号消费或者"凡勃伦效应"的出口在于践行"绿色消费"。     

消费公益诉讼原告主体的扩张与完善

目前,我国提起消费公益诉讼原告范围的规定过窄,阻碍了消费公益诉讼发挥应有价值。基于公益诉讼原告资格扩张的理论,消费公益诉讼的诉讼主体呈现广泛性的特点。公民提起消费公益诉讼可以弥补“官方组织”提起消费公益诉讼的不足,充分发挥律师在消费公益诉讼中的作用。应在借鉴美国消费者集体诉讼制度的基础上,确认公民具有提起消费公益诉讼的资格。     

消费理论的行为化趋向

最近 2 0多年里 ,行为理论在消费理论方面的研究取得了重要进展 ,而主流消费理论也正朝着以行为分析为基础的方向发展 ,二者的相互融合将构成未来宏观消费理论发展的突出特征     

浅论文化消费的正负效益及其引导

文化消费具有正效益和负效益。正效益包括 :公共文化消费所形成的主体价值观的树立和普及、社会行为的合作与协调、社会生活福利的提高 ;企业文化消费带来的经济效益 ;个人文化消费形成人力资本所带来的经济增长。负效益主要表现在 :不健康的文化消费对消费者的思想观念、价值观念、消费观念所造成的不良影响。因此 ,政府应对文化消费加强引导和调控,一要提高对发展科学技术与文化教育重要性的认识 ,增加其投入比例 ;二要优化消费结构 ,提高消费质量。