驰名商标淡化及反淡化保护

驰名商标享有很高的信誉度和知名度,世界各国都通过各种措施对本国的驰名商标进行特别保护。驰名商标淡化是一种严重侵犯驰名商标权的行为,往往会危及驰名商标所有权人的商业信誉,从而最终侵害消费者的利益。驰名商标淡化在实践中主要有三种表现形式:弱化、丑化、退化。应通过多种方法完善我国的驰名商标反淡化保护制度。     

Photographic comparison of surface topography as a viable solution when physical match is challenging

Physical matching methods are a family of well‐known methods that are utilized in order to determine whether two pieces of a tearable/breakable material used to be one object. When performing physical match of polymers, it is sometimes difficult to reach an unambiguous conclusion. This is due to various reasons. One is when the tear/fracture resides in an inaccessible or hidden‐from‐view region of the piece. Another is when the shape of the tear/fracture at the object's tear/fracture line is insufficient for deducing a complete match. Third is deficiency of material along this line. These are examples of processes where the line is affected so drastically, so that a match renders impossible. Specifically, when addressing elastic materials, the tear/fracture line may even be squashed. This may also be a reason for difficulty in performing a physical match. In this paper, a method is proposed where a match is alternatively achieved by means of photographic comparison of marks on the surface topography of the pieces‐in‐question. Comparisons of pairs of torn pieces of silicon rubber were made. The procedure involved photography of the surface topography the pieces. Then, the photographs were horizontally mirror‐flipped. Lastly, a comparison was made between two photographs: a photograph of one piece and a mirror‐flipped photograph of the opposite piece. The results show that after comparing the pieces to one another, only one unique pair turned out to be positively matched. Using the proposed method, not only the comparison is done by a more informative method (comparing to physical match), it is also more convenient, faster, less expensive, and technically simpler.     

Tooth hop variability in human and nonhuman bone: Effect on the estimation of saw blade TPI

Forensic research has demonstrated that tooth hop (TH) is a valuable measurement from saw-cut bones as it can be used to estimate teeth-per-inch (TPI) of a saw used in postmortem dismemberment cases. However, error rates for TPI estimation are still under development and knowledge of how bone tissue affects TH measurements remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of tissue variability through the use of different taxa on the accuracy and precision of TH measurements in the bone to estimate TPI of the blade. A total of 1766 TH measurements were analyzed from human, pig, and deer long bones cut by two 7 TPI saw blades of different tooth type. Fifty distance-between-teeth measurements before and after sawing were collected directly from each blade for comparison to bone-measured TH to assess potential effects of tooth wear on TH variability. ANOVA and F tests were used to compare mean TH and variance, respectively, by saw-species (i.e., crosscut-deer, rip-deer) and species groups (i.e., all deer, all pig), with significance determined at the p < 0.05 level. TH measurements were converted to usable TPI ranges, which would typically be presented in a forensic report. It is concluded that significant differences in TH (mm) do not necessarily reflect significant differences in associated TPI ranges of suspect blades. Forensic reports should report mean TPI ± 1.5–2.5 TPI while providing a sample size indicating number of TH measured rather than just number of cuts or cut surfaces examined.     

铜导线一次和二次短路熔痕的显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱特征研究

目的 为了判定火灾发生的原因,依据激光拉曼光谱(RMS)能够反映出经过不同高温热处理炭材料的石墨化程度,以此来探索电气短路判定的技术依据.方法 利用显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪对火灾中不同环境下生成的铜导线短路熔痕表面碳痕斑进行检测分析,利用碳痕斑两个拉曼特征位移峰的比值,计算不同短路熔痕表面碳化斑的石墨化度.结果 铜导线的一次短路、二次短路和火烧熔痕上残留碳斑石墨化度不同,一次短路熔珠碳痕的石墨化度R值最小,火烧熔痕的石墨化度R值最大.结论 该研究建立了显微激光拉曼光谱法无损检测分析铜导线短路熔痕的新方法.     

国内外输电线路设计规范风荷载取值标准的比较

以我国现行电力行业标准DL/T 5154-2002和DL/T 5092-1999关于风荷载的计算规定为基准,对国内外4套有代表性的输电线路设计规范风荷载的取值标准进行了分析比较,初步摸清了国内外规范风荷载标准值差异的定量数据.计算结果表明,我国输电线路铁塔结构的风荷载标准值普遍低于国外规范相同条件下的风荷载标准值,规范修订时建议将基本风压的统计重现期提高到50a一遇,并对我国输电线路基本风压的合理取值和统计风速的基准高度进行适当的调整.     

论特质文化与古镇文化旅游产品品牌建设

该文分析了商品的＂客观品质＂与消费者的＂主观品质＂之间的关系,认为对商品品质的认同最终会转化为对商业标记即品牌标识的认同,形成品牌效应,而商品品牌建设的基本进路是传播商品特色。因此,该文认为,古镇作为文化遗产也应当传播古镇文化旅游产品的特色文化,并提出古镇文化旅游产品以特质文化打造品牌的对策。     

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Cartridge Case Double-Casts

Due to the shot-to-shot variability in tool mark reproduction on fired cartridge cases, a method of replication is needed for the creation of training and testing sets. Double-casting is one method that has been used for this application, but the accuracy and variability of this method needs to be characterized. Three firearms were used to fire 25 cartridges each to create the master cartridge cases. The double-casting method consists of creating a silicone mold of the master cartridge case. A plastic resin mix is then poured into the mold to create the double-cast reproduction. Fifteen double-casts of each of the 75 fired cartridge cases were created across different silicone molds to analyze within- and between-mold variability. The master cartridge cases and double-casts were scanned with a confocal microscope (Sensofar® S neox) to create three-dimensional representations of the surfaces. Two similarity metrics were used for the objective comparison of the double-casts to their master cartridge cases: the areal correlation coefficient (ACCF_MAX) and the number of congruent matching cells (CMC). The ACCF_MAX and CMC data, along with visual examinations, showed that the double-casting method produces accurate reproductions. Within-mold variability was found to be minimal, and between-mold variability was low. These results illustrate that double-casting can be applied for training and testing purposes.     

黑龙江省对俄家电出口策略分析

黑龙江省作为我国与俄罗斯拥有最长共同边界的省份,有史以来就是我国与俄罗斯进行经济贸易往来的主要平台。由于俄罗斯轻工业基础薄弱,俄罗斯国内对高档家电的需求只能依靠进口满足。我国家电产品无论从生产数量和质量均属国际先进水平,但由于国内市场趋于饱和,家电出口显得尤为重要。黑龙江省应积极运用自身对俄贸易优势,成为对俄家电产品出口的大平台,进而使产业结构顺利升级。     

兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活

从电脉冲次数、脉冲强度、脉冲间隔时间三方面对兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活进行了研究。结果表明 ,注射HCG后 16h的MⅡ期卵 ,用 1.4kV/cm、6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 ,脉冲次数分为 1、2、4、8次 4组 ,每次间隔 30min ,随着电激活次数的增加 ,活化率从 4 6 .5 %增加到 95 .8% (P <0 .0 1) ,但是电激活 8次后 ,桑椹胚率却从 6 3.6 %下降到 2 1.2 % ,囊胚率从 2 3.6 %下降到 2 .8%(P <0 .0 1) ;用 6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 3次 ,每次间隔 30min ,分为 0 .4、1.2、2 .4kV/cm 3组 ,以1.2kV/cm脉冲强度的兔卵母细胞激活较为理想 ,脉冲强度增加到 2 .4kV/cm时 ,卵细胞死亡率升为6 7.1% (P <0 .0 1)。用 1.4kV/cm、6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 3次 ,电脉冲间隔时间分为 30、12 0、2 4 0min 3组 ,卵细胞活化率分别为 6 8.6 %、91.5 %、91.9% (P <0 .0 1)。     

经皮穴位电刺激不同时间对雷公藤甲素致大鼠急性肝损伤的影响

目的 观察经皮穴位电刺激（transcutanclus electrical acupoint stimulation,TEAS）不同刺激时间对雷公藤甲素致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、TEAS Ⅰ组（刺激20 min）,TEAS Ⅱ组（刺激30 min）、TEAS Ⅲ组（刺激40 min）,以雷公藤甲素灌胃法复制急性肝损伤模型。TEAS各组刺激“足三里”穴,每日1次,连续5 d。观察肝脏组织形态学变化,检测血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）及肝组织丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、肿瘤坏死因子- α（tumor necrosis factor- α,TNF- α）、白介素- 10（interleukin- 10,IL- 10）、硫化氢的含量。结果 模型组大鼠肝索排列紊乱,肝窦扩张,肝细胞水肿、脂肪变性、坏死;各TEAS组肝脏病理变化较模型组减轻。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST及肝组织MDA、TNF- α含量明显升高（P＜0.05）,硫化氢含量明显降低（P＜0.05）,肝组织IL- 10含量无明显变化（P＞0.05）。与模型组比较,TEAS Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大鼠血清AST、ALT含量和肝组织MDA、TNF- α含量明显降低（P<0.05）或呈降低趋势（P>0.05）,硫化氢含量明显升高（P<0.05）。其中TEAS Ⅲ组与TEAS Ⅰ、Ⅱ组各指标比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 TEAS能减轻雷公藤甲素对肝组织的损伤,且较长时间（40 min）刺激的保护作用更为明显。