排序方式: 共有48条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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目的确定血液中乙醇最佳保存条件,探讨影响血液中乙醇含量稳定性的主要因素。方法对血液保存的温度(-20、4、20℃)、防腐剂(NaF、无防腐剂、Na2O2)、储存容器中空气所占比例(0%、25%、50%)和血醇质量浓度(0.2、0.8、2.0mg/mL)四个因素采用正交试验L9(34)方法分组,样本采用顶空气相色谱法进行测定,测定结果采用方差分析进行讨论。结果在20℃保存且不加入防腐剂的两组样本中血醇浓度变化明显,其余变化不明显。结论血液样本在4℃、储存容器中空气比例为50%和加防腐剂(NaF)的条件下保存,稳定性最佳;四个影响因素中温度为影响血液中乙醇含量稳定性的主要因素。 相似文献
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Four cases of in‐custody or unlawful death are presented as examples of increased bone fragility with an associated increase in fracture rates due to ethanol‐induced osteopenia. In addition, one of the individuals suffered fractures several weeks premortem, allowing some healing to take place. Using radiographs and physical examination, the ribs from these individuals are compared with those retained from three individuals with no history of alcoholism to illustrate diagnostic characteristics that will be notable using standard autopsy and anthropological procedures. Trabecular bone mass is notably decreased in the alcoholic group leading to a greater chance of fracture occurring during conflict, including arrest and in‐custody situations. The average number of perimortem fractures among the alcoholic individuals is 15, while the control group is six. In the case of the individual with healing, the degree of bone repair on the ribs was less than is expected considering the interval between injury and death. 相似文献
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目的观察大鼠慢性乙醇中毒下脑组织轻微伤后β-淀粉样前体蛋白(β-amyloid precursor protein,β-APP)的表达,探讨乙醇中毒与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage,TSAH)死亡的相关性。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为灌水组、灌水打击组、灌酒组、灌酒打击组。灌酒组以食用酒连续灌胃4周,打击组予脑震荡打击,各组大鼠脑组织行HE、免疫组织化学染色,组织病理图像系统量化分析检测结果。结果灌水组脑无异常;灌水打击组全脑神经元轻度水样变性;灌酒组脑表面可见血管纹理,神经纤维排列稍疏松、间隙增大;灌酒打击组脑表面弥漫性淤血,脑干周围多见厚层斑片状TSAH,轴索不规则断裂。灌酒组额叶、海马、小脑、脑干β-APP IOD值高于灌水打击组及灌酒打击组。结论慢性乙醇中毒脑组织的耐受性明显下降,轻微损伤情况下即可引起致死性TSAH和神经病理学变化。 相似文献
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乙醇对氯胺酮在家兔体内毒物代谢动力学的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究乙醇对氯胺酮在家兔体内毒物代谢动力学行为的影响。方法实验家兔分为单用氯胺酮组、氯胺酮与乙醇合用组及对照组,三组动物分别灌胃氯胺酮0.15 g/kg、乙醇3.0g/kg与氯胺酮0.15 g/kg及等体积生理盐水。分别于给药前和给药后不同时间点收集血、尿标本,GC和GC/MS法测定氯胺酮和代谢物去甲氯胺酮浓度,WinNor-Lin软件拟合房室模型并计算氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮毒物代谢动力学参数。结果氯胺酮在家兔体内的毒物代谢动力学过程呈一级动力学特征,符合二室开放模型,合用乙醇后不改变其房室类型。合用乙醇组家兔体内氯胺酮的K10、AUC和β均大于单用氯胺酮组,而T1/2K10、T1/2β、A和Cmax均小于单用氯胺酮组,两组之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);V/F、K01、K12、K21、T1/2K01、α、T1/2α、Tmax和B等参数两组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。合用乙醇组家兔体内氯胺酮的代谢物去甲氯胺酮的K01、A、B和Cmax等参数均大于单用氯胺酮组,而T1/2K01、Tmax均小于单用氯胺酮组,两组之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);V/F、K10、K12、K21、AUC、T1/2K10、T1/2α、T1/2β、β等参数两组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论乙醇可加快氯胺酮在体内的消除过程,促进其转化为去甲氯胺酮,对于氯胺酮与乙醇合并滥用的鉴定,应考虑两者的相互作用。 相似文献
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目的研究不同浓度乙醇与乌头碱联合染毒对大鼠心室肌细胞RYR~2蛋白表达的影响。方法用优化的方法进行新生大鼠心室肌细胞原代培养,设置4组实验组,分别为A、B、C、D组,即分别用1μmol/L乌头碱、5mmol/L乙醇+1μmol/L乌头碱、50mmol/L乙醇+1μmol/L乌头碱以及100mmol/L乙醇+1μmol/L乌头碱进行染毒,同时设立对照组(E组)。染毒1h后,用Western blot技术检测RYR~2蛋白含量,重复实验,将对所得数据进行统计分析。结果 1μmol/L乌头碱作用1h,使培养的大鼠心肌细胞RYR~2蛋白量增加;5mmol/L乙醇、50mmol/L乙醇分别与乌头碱联合染毒组中RYR~2蛋白表达量均较单独乌头碱染毒组低;100mmol/L乙醇-乌头碱联合染毒组RYR~2蛋白量与单独乌头碱染毒组相较未见明显差异。结论乙醇-乌头碱联合染毒对RYR~2的蛋白量有明显影响,不同浓度乙醇与乌头碱联合染毒对RYR~2的影响效果不一致,低浓度乙醇能拮抗乌头碱引起的RYR~2含量增加,随着乙醇浓度逐渐升高,拮抗作用逐渐减弱,且有向协同作用转化的趋势。 相似文献
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溶剂蒸溶法对书写时间判定的初步尝试 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文针对圆珠笔字迹相对书写时间的鉴定,参照溶剂提取法,提出一种新的实验技术——溶剂蒸溶法.该方法以检样纸张作为展开板,以乙醇蒸气作为展开剂,通过测定圆珠笔油墨在纸张上的扩散程度来判定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间. 相似文献
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Patrick Allan Kosecki Ph.D. Erika Canonico M.S. Phillip Brooke M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):2198-2200
The stability of ethanol in antemortem blood stored under various conditions has been widely studied. Antemortem blood samples stored at refrigerated temperature, at room temperature, and at elevated temperatures tend to decrease in ethanol concentration with storage. It appears that the stability of ethanol in blood exposed to temperatures greater than 38°C has not been evaluated. The case presented here involves comparison of breath test results with subsequent analysis of blood drawn at the time of breath testing. However, the blood tubes were in a refrigerator fire followed by refrigerated storage for 5 months prior to analysis by headspace gas chromatography. The subject’s breath was tested twice using an Intoxilyzer 8000. The subject’s blood was tested in duplicate using an Agilent headspace gas chromatograph. The measured breath ethanol concentration was 0.103 g/210 L and 0.092 g/210 L. The measured blood ethanol concentration was 0.0932 g/dL for both samples analyzed. Although the mean blood test result was slightly lower than the mean breath test result, the mean breath test result was within the estimated uncertainty of the mean blood test result. Even under the extreme conditions of the blood kit being in a refrigerator fire, the measured blood ethanol content agreed well with the paired breath ethanol test. 相似文献