浅谈对少量字的检验

少量字的检验是目前文件检验的一项主要内容 ,因其字数少 ,犯罪嫌疑人的书写习惯体现不充分 ,检验起来有一定难度。本文对两例无伪装的典型少量字的检验进行了类比分析 ,以期探求少量字检验的科学方法 ,为案件侦破提供可靠的科学依据。     

Forensic Facial Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Nasal Prediction Techniques

Prediction facial features from the skull are recurring theme on the forensic literature. The nose has been investigated since it has a significant role in facial recognition and the literature shows that there is not an universal method for nasal prediction. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to analyze what are the most consistent techniques of nasal reconstruction. Primary studies describing or validating nasal reconstruction techniques in adults and published in journals of Forensic Sciences were included in this review. Tedeschi‐Oliveira's method positioned nasal tip with acceptable accuracy as Gerasimov's method. The Krogman's and Iscan's technique underestimated nasal projection in North Americans. The Prokopec's and Ubelaker's method obtained accuracy in Caucasoid. George's method presented results similar to reference standard in Caucasoid. In a supplementary way, studies are needed to accurately estimate the nasal width.     

被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中特殊特征和固有特征的运用

被伐树木形成的整体分离痕迹有其独特性,反映出特有的规律。本文介绍了在盗伐林木案件中,运用整体分离痕迹检验原理、方法,检验被伐树木分离面、分离缘的形态,检验其凸凹断茬特征、虫眼特征、裂纹特征、空心特征等特殊特征以及节子特征、年轮特征、木射线特征、树皮纹理特征等固有特征。特别是在两对应的锯断面之间木质完全缺失情况下,综合运用上述特征有针对性地检验,解决了部分被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中分离痕迹能否作为同一认定证据、分离体是否原为同一整体的问题。文中所述对被伐树木上的特殊特征和固有特征的研究和运用,拓宽了被伐树木整体分离痕迹检验中特征标记的范围,为丰富被伐树木整体分离痕迹的检验方法提供了参考。     

Weight of authorship evidence with multiple categories of stylometric features: A multinomial-based discrete model

This study empirically demonstrates the efficacy of a two-level Dirichlet-multinomial statistical model (the Multinomial system) for computing likelihood ratios (LR) for linguistic, textual evidence with multiple stylometric feature types with discrete values. The LRs are calculated separately for each feature type, namely, word, character and part of speech N-grams (N = 1,2,3), which are combined as overall LRs through logistic regression fusion. The Multinomial system’s performance is compared with that of a previously proposed system with the cosine distance (the Cosine system) using the same data (i.e., documents collated from 2160 authors). The experimental results show that: (1) the Multinomial system outperforms the Cosine system with the fused feature types by a log-LR cost of ca. 0.01 ～ 0.05 bits; and (2) the Multinomial system is more advantageous in performance with longer documents than the Cosine system. Although the Cosine system is more robust overall against the sampling variability arising from the number of authors included in the reference and calibration databases, the Multinomial system can achieve reasonable stability in performance; for example, the standard deviation value of the log-LR cost becomes lower than 0.01 (10 random samplings of authors for the reference and calibration databases) with 60 or more authors in each database.     

Position Effect on Facial Soft Tissue Depths: A Sonographic Investigation

The head is positioned erect for an approximation; yet most facial soft tissue depths (FSTD) used are measured from supine subjects. Depth difference might be significant, but there is a paucity of data to verify. This study compared erect and supine values for 17 landmarks from 30 healthy New Zealand (European population affinity) women (18–30 or 40–55 years) in erect then supine positions. Height, weight, and sonographic FSTD data, totaling 1020 measurements, were obtained. Three midline and seven averaged bilateral values were compared using ANOVA, p values, and Pearson's correlations. Correlative strength of age and body mass index, BMI (kg/m²), was determined by values. Results showed averaged erect and supine differences were significant for four of ten FSTDs. Between individuals, difference was various and not unidirectional. In conclusion, depth differences were observed but not all significant or unidirectional, BMI significantly influenced nine FSTD values, but age group did not.     

Vertical Lip Position and Thickness in Facial Reconstruction: A Validation of Commonly Used Methods for Predicting the Position and Size of Lips

This study examined several methods used to estimate oral fissure position, lip margin position, and lip thickness recommended by Angel, George, Lebedinskaya, Taylor, Wilkinson et al., Balueva and Veselovskaya. A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from central Europe were measured and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The best estimation for oral fissure position was “opposite the lower ¾ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.3 mm). Upper lip margin was predicted best by “upper ¼ mark of maxillary incisors” (error of 1.7 mm), and lower lip margin by “cementum‐enamel junction of mandibular incisors” (error of 2.3 mm). The regression equations of Wilkinson et al. displayed least error (1.3 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively) for upper and lower lip thickness, and method of George (error of 3.4 mm) for total lip thickness.     

扎根泥土服务民众——浅谈井陉“拉花”的音乐特点

“拉花”是石家庄井陉地区的一种民间歌舞,已有几百年的历史。它的音乐刚柔相济,给人以淳朴坚毅之美感,极具独特风格。传统音乐是我们今天音乐发展的一个坚实的基础,值得我们今天特别去宣传和推广,并借非物质文化遗产保护的东风,让井陉“拉花”在建设和谐社会的进程中,充分发挥它娱乐和教育大众的社会功用。     

网络诈骗案件分析与防范对策

随着互联网时代的到来,我国已经步入高科技时代。网络银行、网络证券、网络交易已成为现实,但随之而来的网络诈骗案件也日益增多。网络诈骗案件存在着犯罪主体专业化、犯罪工具智能化、犯罪手段多样化等特点,致使广大群众受到损害后无法得到及时弥补。了解网络诈骗案件,分析其特点、种类,提出通过法制、技术等手段以防范网络诈骗案件的发生。     

清代北京竹枝词评析

清代中晚期的北京,流行着一种语言通俗、七言四句的诗体——竹枝词。这些通俗诗,描述了清代北京的风土民情,记述了清代北京的生活时尚,表现了清王廷由盛而衰的历史变迁。作为非物质文化遗产,成为那个特定时代的文化标记,为我们提供了解读帝都末期城市生活状貌的文本,具有独特的认知价值和审美价值。     

论骗取出口退税犯罪案件的主要手段及侦查对策

骗取出口退税犯罪是我国实行出口退税政策之后出现的一种新的经济犯罪形式。近年来,这种犯罪发展很快且愈演愈,严重扰乱了税收秩序,并使国家蒙受了巨大的经济损失。为此,笔者就骗取出口退税案件的特点、手段及侦查对策谈点看法。