Developmental validation of a novel lateral flow strip test for rapid identification of human blood (Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood)

Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood (RSID™-Blood), is described. RSID™-Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID™-Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID™-Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID™-Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods.     

谈案件的言语识别

文章运用语言学、文字学的知识、原理和方法,对案件的语言材料进行仔细推敲、系统分析,研究言语人的语言特征规律,并以各类文件物证的言语特征为基础,判断言语人的民族、性别、籍贯、年龄、文化程度、职业、经历、居住地点、主要活动范围,以及有无精神病、是否聋哑等,为在侦查破案时分析画像提供依据。     

论账务鉴定的类型及方法

随着我国国民经济的迅猛发展,涉及财务会计业务的刑事、民事和行政案件大幅增长,各类新型的财务会计问题在诉讼中不断出现,使得司法会计活动在各类诉讼中收集、发现、提供证据的作用日益重要。本文就司法会计鉴定实务中的账务鉴定部分,包括账务鉴定的含义、类型、鉴定原理和操作规程,进行了深入探讨,以适应不断变化的新形势的需要,期望为完善司法会计理论与实务提供建议。     

印文鉴定相关问题探讨——高仿真印文鉴定

当前,与印文鉴定相关的并在鉴定实践中经常遇到的新问题和难点问题有高仿真印文的鉴定、变造印章问题、利用真实印文变造文件、同版印章印文、朱墨时序等,本文就高仿真印文的鉴定进行了系统阐述,介绍了各种高仿真印文,包括各种高仿真印章的盖印印文、复制印文、转印印文的伪造手段及其特点,并提出了高仿真印文的鉴定思路和要点。     

图像真实性鉴别方法研究

在侦查实践中,对伪造照片的检验已日益在侦查活动中占据着举足轻重的作用。科学技术的发展,各种图像处理软件的开发,使伪造、变造照片成为可能,从而为犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。因此,掌握正确的照片真伪的鉴别方法迫在眉睫。伪造、变造的照片的检验是根据成像原理等一般性原理得出的方法,具体包括一般检验、用光检验、透视原理检验、景深原理检验等方法。     

Do party supporters accept policy compromises in coalition governments?

Government formation in multi-party systems often requires coalition negotiations and finding common ground among coalition partners. Supporters of parties involved in the government formation process face a trade-off when evaluating such bargaining processes: on the one hand, voters usually prefer seeing their party being in government rather than in opposition; on the other hand, negotiations require coalition compromises that they might dislike. In this paper, we study voters’ willingness to accept policy compromises during government formation processes. We argue that voters’ acceptance of policy compromises depends on both the strength of their party attachment and the importance they assign to the issue at stake during the coalition negotiations. Not giving in on important issues is key, especially for supporters of challenger parties, who hold strong policy preferences on a selected number of issues. To test these expectations, we collected original survey data immediately after the Spanish general election in November 2019. The results show support for the hypothesized effects, shed light on the pressure potential coalition partners face during government formation and help explain the failures of government formation attempts in increasingly polarized societies.     

Examination of pretreatment methods for DNA extraction from nails

In the conventional method of DNA extraction from nails, it takes approximately half a day to dissolve the nails. In this study, we examined whether using the HOrizontal Nail MAshing (HONMA) method, in which pressure is applied to the nail to crush it flat and increase its surface area, would improve DNA extraction efficiency. Fingernails (5 mg) provided by ten volunteers were used as samples. Nail pieces (1–3 pieces), shredded with nail clippers, were thinly stretched by applying 2 t of pressure to each piece using a hydraulic press. DNA was extracted by incubation at 56 °C for 10 min and 1 h during proteolysis. DNA yield from the nails pretreated using the HONMA method increased by 0.20–7.10 times compared with that from unprocessed nails. In particular, 10-min incubation using the HONMA method resulted in an average 2.05-fold increase in DNA yield compared with that under overnight incubation. However, the impact of using the HONMA method varied widely among individuals, and the amount of extracted DNA decreased in some cases, suggesting that the yield may differ depending on the nail quality.     

不同基原败酱药材的显微鉴别

目的 探究不同基原败酱药材的快速鉴别方法。方法 应用Phenix生物显微镜对不同基原败酱药材粉末特征进行观察。结果 黄花败酱和斑花败酱非腺毛细胞壁上具有疣状突起,白花败酱和异叶败酱非腺毛细胞壁上不具有疣状突起;黄花败酱中含有复粒和单粒淀粉粒,其他3种皆为单粒淀粉粒;异叶败酱木栓细胞中含有黄色分泌细胞,而其他3种所含分泌细胞不明显或者不含分泌细胞;白花败酱中含有螺纹导管和网纹导管,而其他3种中含有孔纹导管、梯纹导管和网纹导管。结论 显微鉴别能够快速、经济、准确鉴别败酱药材。     

论清代命案检验中的鉴定文书

清代的鉴定文书不仅应包括通说中的尸格、尸图、骨格、骨图,而且还应该包括通详类上行文书、仵作甘结,它们各有侧重,相互验证。通详类文书中有介绍现场勘查、分析说明的作用,仵作甘结则体现了验证图格,防止作弊的用处。三者共同构成了一套精巧的表达体系。同时,清朝还在损伤描述要素上作了规范化的努力。     

论人大在预防群体性事件中的职能定位

群体性事件频发已成为影响我国社会和谐稳定的突出问题。本文认为,在影响群体性事件发生的诸因素中,人大的利益代表职能及监督职能未正常发挥是根本性因素。因此,有效预防与化解群体性事件,应完善人大的代表职能、沟通职能、监督职能,尽快建立人大代表职业构成比例制度及代表联系选民制度,逐步完善代表质询制度等三位一体的人大权力监督机制。