全文获取类型
收费全文 | 469篇 |
免费 | 111篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 15篇 |
工人农民 | 1篇 |
世界政治 | 2篇 |
外交国际关系 | 37篇 |
法律 | 380篇 |
中国政治 | 16篇 |
政治理论 | 21篇 |
综合类 | 108篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有580条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
61.
Pregabalin is a Schedule V controlled substance which is defined as the (S) enantiomer of 3‐(aminomethyl)‐5‐methylhexanoic acid. It is used legitimately to treat neuropathy in patients with diabetes as well as for epilepsy and fibromyalgia. Pregabalin is an amino acid and an amphoteric compound, which makes it difficult to analyze using the conventional GC‐MS instrumentation found in most forensic drug analysis laboratories. Problems associated with the traditional GC‐MS analysis of pregabalin include selective solubility, ring closure to the corresponding lactam in the GC injection port and/or the MS transfer line and difficulty with chiral derivatization due to the presence of a carboxylic acid moiety. Here, we show that these challenges can be overcome by methylating (capping) the carboxylic acid portion of the pregabalin molecule and converting to the corresponding methyl ester. Once the methyl ester is synthesized, chiral derivatization at the amine can be achieved to identify the controlled (S) enantiomer of pregabalin via GC‐MS. 相似文献
62.
Vincent Cuzuel M.S. Guillaume Cognon M.S. Isabelle Rivals Ph.D. Charles Sauleau M.S. François Heulard M.S. Didier Thiébaut Ph.D. Jérôme Vial Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(2):330-350
Developing a strategy to characterize the odor prints of individuals should be relevant to support identification obtained using dogs in courts of justice. This article proposes an overview of the techniques used for the forensic profiling of human odor. After reviewing the origin of human odor—both genetic and physiological—the different analytical steps from sample collection to statistical data processing are presented. The first challenge is the collection of odor, whether by direct sampling with polymer patches, cotton gauze, etc., or indirect sampling with devices like Scent Transfer Unit. Then, analytical techniques are presented. Analyses are commonly performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As they yield large amounts of data, advanced statistical tools are needed to provide efficient and reliable data processing, which is essential to give more probative value to information. 相似文献
63.
Feasibility of Canine Detection of Mass Storage Devices: A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds Emanating from Electronic Devices Using Solid Phase Microextraction 下载免费PDF全文
Lauryn E. DeGreeff Ph.D. Michelle Cerreta Ph.D. Mark Rispoli J.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(6):1613-1616
Detection of canines are well‐known to be valuable in the location of contraband, such as explosives or narcotics. More recently, canines have been trained and utilized in the detection of concealed mass storage devices that might contain evidence of illegal activity such as child pornography. To lay the analytical foundation for this detection work, research was carried out to determine the volatile organic compounds associated with mass storage devices (MSD) that could be used by trained canines for detection. Headspace analysis of a variety of electronic devices was performed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analyses found several volatile compounds common to SIM and SD cards, as well as USB drives, including 2‐propenenitrile, styrene, isophorone, hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and 2‐furanmethanol, tetrahydro. Results indicated that mass storage devices do have a characteristic odor profile making detection with minimal false alerts feasible for trained canines. 相似文献
64.
目的 采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatogra-phy/quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对复方守宫散中化学成分及其血中移行成分进行定性分析,为该制剂的... 相似文献
65.
Abstract: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique that is commonly employed in the forensic drug analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. Detection is typically accomplished using various visualization spray reagents. Conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis is typically performed to confirm the TLC results. Depending on the drugs tested and the instrument conditions required, this confirmation can take up to an hour to complete. Direct analysis in real time (DART?) is an ionization source, coupled to an accurate‐mass time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer that has the capability to ionize materials under ambient conditions. To streamline analysis, the combination of TLC with DART? detection is proposed to screen and subsequently identify drug compounds, all from the same TLC plate. DART? confirmations of TLC analyses take <10 min to complete and compare favorably to GC‐MS in sensitivity and selectivity. This study validates the use of TLC‐DART in the forensic identification of the components of several pharmaceutical preparations. 相似文献
66.
Petković S Durendić-Brenesel M Dolai M Samojlik I 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(5):1383-1386
Trihexyphenidyl (THP) is an anticholinergic agent with forensic toxicological interest. We present a case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of paranoid disorder, who was found dead in the house where she lived alone. The autopsy findings revealed no marked pathological changes. Toxicological analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed THP and its major metabolite (hydroxy-THP) in blood and urine, with THP concentrations of 0.053 and 0.560 mg/L, respectively. The blood and urine ethanol concentrations were low 0.096 and 0.100 g/L, respectively. Based on these results, we determined the cause of death to be THP poisoning. It is suggested that rare case of death associated with THP overdosage should be taken in conjunction with central nervous system depressants (benzodiazepines, ethanol) and/or with other pathological disorders. Thus, our case could not be supportive for this allegation. 相似文献
67.
The analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is problematic because it is hygroscopic, it lacks a good UV chromophore, and it undergoes heat-induced cyclization. This paper presents a new method utilizing ion-exchange chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. The simple sample preparation, rapid analysis time, and inorganic anion detection capabilities are all advantages over the current methods. The detection of inorganic salts (formed during GHB synthesis) gives insight into the synthetic route utilized and can aid in drug seizure comparison. The developed method has a detection limit for GHB anions of 0.57 mg/L and chloride of 0.22 mg/L. A comparison of this technique with a current gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique is presented, and a t-test found that the two methods' results are not statistically different at the 99.9% confidence level demonstrating the merits of this fast, simple, and informative IC method as a routine screening tool. 相似文献
68.
Benjamin J. Routon B.S. Brandon B. Kocher B.S. John V. Goodpaster Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(1):194-199
Abstract: Pyrodex ® and Triple Seven ® are black powder substitutes that often find use as fillers in improvised explosive devices, such as pipe bombs. These propellants have essentially the same overall appearance and oxidizers, but different fuels. For example, Pyrodex ® contains sulfur, sodium benzoate, and dicyandiamide (DCDA), whereas Triple Seven ® lacks sulfur but also contains 3‐nitrobenzoic acid. In this method, intact particles and postblast solid residues were reacted with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide + 1% trimethylchlorosilane in acetonitrile for 30 min at 60°C. The resultant trimethylsilyl derivatives of the organic fuels were then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Each derivative was clearly resolved from other components, and high‐quality mass spectra were obtained. In addition, characteristic fragments resulting from loss of a methyl radical from the molecular ion (m/z 163 for sulfur, m/z 171 for DCDA, m/z 179 for benzoic acid, and m/z 224 for nitrobenzoic acid) were able to be monitored. 相似文献
69.
甲基苯丙胺和乙醇在染毒大鼠体内联用的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究甲基苯丙胺(MA)和乙醇联合应用在急性、亚急性染毒大鼠体内的情况。方法以MA1.0 mg/kg剂量对慢性自由饮酒大鼠多次腹腔注射,分别建立急性、亚急性染毒大鼠模型;处死后即时检测血中乙醇浓度、体液和组织样品中MA的浓度。结果多次注入MA药后,亚急性中毒大鼠体内的MA浓度高于急性中毒大鼠;急性和亚急性联合中毒大鼠体内MA浓度均高于急性和亚急性单一药物组。结论无论是否联用乙醇,14d内增加注射次数会在大鼠体内产生不同程度的MA残留;与乙醇联用可加速MA在大鼠体内的吸收,其药物浓度的升高程度随生物样品不同存在差异。 相似文献
70.