体验的回归：人本心理学启发式研究方案评析

人本心理学家穆斯塔卡斯发展的启发式研究方案具有自身的独特内涵、特征、概念框架和研究过程.作为一种有着系统的概念框架和完整研究步骤的心理学方法体系,启发式研究方案使人本心理学方法论不再流于理论倡导,而是融入到个人经验研究的具体实践,丰富、增进了心理学的质化研究方法.但它尚需进一步澄清、消除自身概念、设计与操作上的混乱之处,并需以辩证唯物主义实践观看待人的本质,确立心理学的整合视野.     

大型灾难事件中的DNA鉴定工作

大型灾难事件通常是由各种无法预料的因素引发,并可造成大量人员的伤亡和失踪。法医学DNA实验室首要的任务就是对这些遇难者进行身份的认定。本文通过回顾大型灾难事件以及相关研究,提出大型灾难事件中DNA鉴定的程序,包括样品的准备、收集、贮存、DNA的提取、DNA的分型、相关数据的分析和结果的解释等,并对DNA鉴定中的经验和问题进行了讨论。     

“一体制”与“分体制”：行政犯罪案件侦查体制完善之路径选择

公安、海关等行政执法机关集查处行政违法与行政犯罪职能于一身的“一体制”,有利于提高打击犯罪的效率,形成行政执法与刑事司法内部的衔接与案件移送机制,并且由承担行政犯罪侦查职能的行政执法机关与检察机关之间形成实质性的配合制约与监督关系。建议借鉴海关缉私部门的模式在相关领域试行“一体制”侦查模式。     

试论侦查模式的转变

侦查模式是指研究侦查行为与犯罪行为对抗中的自然现象、社会现象的理论图式和打击犯罪、保障人权的方案。我国侦查模式以打击犯罪为基点 ,对人权保护尚显不够。同一认定是刑事侦查活动的基础理论之一 ,它与侦查模式是内容与形式、目的与手段的关系。为了实现打击犯罪、保护人权的双向目标 ,我国侦查模式要实现“从案到人”、“从人到案”向“从证到案”、“从证到人”的转变     

青少年骨关节X线片的骨龄研究

通过对11～16周岁女性及13～20周岁男性青少年左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节拍摄X线片,进行了青少年的骨龄研究.根据骨骼生长发育的特点,提出了各大关节X线片判定骨龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS软件包进行数据处理,建立了青少年利用6大关节骨骺愈合程度判定女性是否已满14周岁、男性是否已满16周岁或18周岁的判别分析方程.     

Blinking Subjects; Blinking Justice? – Law,Medicine and the PVS Patient

This paper argues that in medical discourse, there is insufficient unanimity of opinion with regards to the time at which an accurate diagnosis of PVS can be made and that clearly, there is an incomplete medical knowledge of the PVS condition. The judiciary chooses neither to question medical opinion that patients can be considered to be in PVS despite a failure to satisfy the diagnostic criteria, nor medical opinion that patients in `near PVS' will never recover. It is apparent from an examination of the judgements given in PVS cases that the law does not ascribe such individuals with full human status. Such a legal position is particularly problematic in ethical terms when applied in cases involving patients who are in a `near PVS' position, and in the light of evidence that some PVS diagnoses are inaccurate. The application of the best interests test in PVS cases results in the adoption of a paternalistic, objective approach that fails to respect the former competent individuals whom PVS patients once were. If, alternatively, the substituted judgement test were to be adopted, the principle of individual autonomy would become central to the question of whether PVS patients' treatment should be withdrawn. Furthermore, the application of this test would also ensure that PVS patients continue to be viewed as `persons'.     

新就业形态劳动者的劳动权益保障 ：内容、现状及策略

新就业形态劳动者的劳动权益保障问题已成为政府和社会公众密切关注的重要问题。新就业形 态劳动者的劳动权益包括劳动就业权、劳动报酬权、劳动条件权和劳动救济权 4 类,并可以细分为 13 项权利。 本研究以外卖骑手为代表,进一步分析了新就业形态劳动者劳动就业权、劳动报酬权和劳动条件权中的社会保 障权的现状。研究发现,新就业形态劳动者的劳动就业权、劳动报酬权和社会保障权相比该群体劳动者的平均 情况都得到了改善。研究认为提升新就业形态劳动者的劳动权益保障水平需要更复杂的策略行动,包括继续发 挥好市场作用、处理好短期与长期的关系,以及政府与平台企业协同治理等。     

社会主义新农村建设中的社会治安问题研究之一和谐社会建设中的新农村道德建设

和谐社会建设中的新农村建设首先是道德建设。要进行新农村的道德建设,就必须对我国的传统道德进行有效的梳理。国家在对农村进行物质文明建设的同时,更要加大精神文明建设的力度,真正实现自然、人和人类社会的共同、健康的发展。加强新农村的道德建设对传承我国延续几千年的道德文明,摒弃落后的、不健康的东西,重构社会主义的新型道德价值观,稳定社会治安意义重大。     

Deeper Commitment to Human Rights Treaties: Signaling and Investment Risk Perception

Why do some leaders make deeper commitments to human rights treaties (HRAs) by consenting to receive extra monitoring of complaints or communications from individual citizens? Extant theory suggests leaders join HRAs for tangible benefits. However, empirical support for this argument is mixed. To address this mismatch, we approach this question from a different angle. We argue that by ratifying HRAs, leaders send a signal that they are reliable partners who value future returns. Accepting optional articles and protocols that increase monitoring of the state’s human rights behavior, without changing the state’s substantive obligations, helps better signal that the regime does not fear instability nor sees the need to resort to the proscribed abuses in the future. This, in turn, serves as an important middle step to recognizing tangible benefits, such as foreign direct investment, by improving investors’ risk perception of ratified countries.     

The Governance of Cross-Border Data Flows in Trade Agreements: Is the Cptpp Framework an Ideal Way Out?

The regulations of cross-border data flows is a growing challenge for the international community. International trade agreements, however, appear to be pioneering legal methods to cope, as they have grappled with this issue since the 1990s. The World Trade Organization (WTO) rules system offers a partial solution under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which covers aspects related to cross-border data flows. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) have also been perceived to provide forward-looking resolutions. In this context, this article analyzes why a resolution to this issue may be illusory. While they regulate cross-border data flows in various ways, the structure and wording of exception articles of both the CPTPP and USMCA have the potential to pose significant challenges to the international legal system. The new system, attempting to weigh societal values and economic development, is imbalanced, often valuing free trade more than individual online privacy and cybersecurity. Furthermore, the inclusion of poison-pill clauses is, by nature, antithetical to cooperation. Thus, for the international community generally, and China in particular, cross-border data flows would best be regulated under the WTO-centered multilateral trade law system.