数据迁移权及其本土化路径研究--以数据竞争为视角

《欧盟一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)率先在个人数据领域赋予数据主体数据迁移权,成为全球数据保护的立法标杆。数据迁移权的诞生为企业参与数据竞争正向赋能,企业竞争中也存在诸多数据迁移障碍。本文结合欧盟数据迁移权的相关规定,以数据、数据迁移权和数据竞争三要素之间的互动关系为进路,通过剖析数据迁移对企业竞争和创新发展的双向反馈,认为我国不应急于实施数据迁移权,而是将数据迁移权定性为一种柔性权利,按照"三阶段五步骤"的路径规划,逐步建立符合我国国情的数据迁移制度。     

Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement

The relationship between market liberalization and corruption has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Conventional wisdom holds that increased economic marketization reduces corruption. China, however, provides evidence to the contrary; corruption has grown as its market‐oriented reforms progress. This paradoxical co‐development of the market and corruption begs the intriguing questions of how corruption has survived marketization and what explains the failure of government regulation. Extending the conceptual framework of institutional theory about formal and informal rules, and using public procurement in China as an example, this article shows that formal tendering rules and regulations may be modified, circumvented, or replaced by informal ones which facilitate corruption. The article identifies four corruption schemes through which procurement actors may distort competition processes and mechanisms under the guise of formal rules. Consequently, public procurement in China displays the structural outlook of market competition, but not its essential substance.     

Fragmented or cohesive transnational private regulation of sustainability standards? A comparative study

Literature on private regulation recognizes the proliferation of competing regulatory organizations and approaches in various industries. Studies analyzing why fragmentation arises so far focus on single‐case studies, the exploration of single variables, or variation in types of fragmentation. This article analyzes why in certain industries and for certain issues regulatory organizations proliferate, while in others a single regulatory organization emerges which covers the entire industry. Through a comparative case study of private regulation of sustainability standards in the forestry, clothing, IT‐electronics, and chemicals industries, we show how a combination of low industrial concentration, civil society involvement in governance, and stringent standards of a first‐moving regulator offer the strongest explanation for a fragmented private regulatory field, while high industrial concentration, business‐driven governance, and lenient standards of a first‐moving regulator lead to cohesive regulation.     

中国电信业竞争态势分析

随着我国电信业改革的不断深化,由原邮电部独家垄断国内电信市场的局面逐步被目前初具规模的电信业竞争格局所代替。良好的国内环境为电信的平稳增长创造了得天独厚的条件,电信全球化也给我国电信业引进外资及走出国门提供了千载难逢的机会。中国电信业只有把握机遇,走出恶性竞争的怪圈,通过新业务开发不断提升自己的核心竞争力,才能在国际大竞争中立于不败之地。     

中国与东盟贸易互补和贸易竞争分析

改革开放以来，中国和东盟的贸易发展迅速，尤其是近年来，中国加入WTO，双方自由贸易协议的签定，使中国与东盟贸易发展更是突飞猛进，发展前景非常乐观，但是也应看到在中国和东盟贸易中，既存在互补的一面，也存在竞争的一面，对此必须要有清醒的认识。同时中国与东盟存在各自的比较优势，中国与东盟应该采取措施发挥各自的比较优势，使双方贸易互补的一面得到扩大，同时使双方贸易竞争的一面在一定程度上得以消除，从而使双边贸易得到健康的发展。     

Is tax competition harmful and is the EU an optimal tax area?

This paper examines the issue of harmfulness of tax competition commenting on issues like welfare, growth, redistribution, harmonization and individual freedom. A simple game theoretical ap proach is formulated, where for the first time the two players start from unequal initial conditions, thus influencing strategy and outcomes. Next we propose the new criterion of Optimal Tax Area under which the possibility and feasibility of tax harmonization is examined. The policy implication of our paper is that we do not expect harmonization for direct taxes like corporate taxes in the EU in the near future and if so, harmonization of corporate tax rates on low levels. We conclude that both more theoretic research and empirical evidence are needed before we can answer with certainty whether tax competition is harmful or not. classification A1 . D6 . H0     

规范市场秩序须先规范政府行为

我国现阶段 ,仍然存在市场无序和混乱的现象。最主要的原因在于政府行为不规范。要实现我国市场的有序化 ,需要从实现政府职能的合理定位 ,建立和完善市场规则 ,打破地区封锁和行业垄断 ,加强法制建设和加大执法力度等几方面着手 ,实现政府行为的规范化     

知识产权法哲学理论反思——以重构知识产权制度为视角

知识产权制度历经 5 0 0多年的发展 ,现已得到世界上绝大多数国家的认可 ,尤其是WTO框架下的《知识产权协定》诞生后 ,其地位日益凸显。但是 ,过分强劲的知识产权保护 ,使其遭遇了“知识产权怀疑论”、“反知识产权论”和“知识产权僵化论”三股新思潮的冲击。此三股思潮中任何一股的成立 ,都将从根本上动摇知识产权制度的理论基础 ,严重地甚至可能导致知识产权制度土崩瓦解。因此 ,有必要对知识产权法哲学理论进行反思 ,对此三股思潮进行阐释 ,以重新建构符合时代精神的知识产权制度。     

困境与进路：中国语境下的律师会见制度

律师会见制度是一项关键的刑事辩护制度。但由于权利受损与程序缺失,律师会见遭遇制度性及操作性困境,因而必须寻求制度完善之进路。观念更新、立法完善和制度改进将为我国刑事辩护走出律师会见的困惑提供理念指导、法律保障和制度支持。     

市场竞争中的弱势群体与经济学

中国经济学向何处去是本文的中心议题。文章认为,中国经济学是反映中国经济建设和经济改革实践并为之服务的知识体系,既要开展“国民财富的性质和原因的研究”,又要开展“国民财富的增长和办法的研究”;所以,历史上的这两项研究成果,中国经济学都必须批判地继承和发展;任务的特殊性,决定中国经济学的研究对象既不能定位于生产关系,又不能定位于生产力,应当定位于市场的活动主体:研究对象是家庭、企业的生产和交换活动过程及其条件;研究对象的综合性,又要求研究方法的多样性。中国经济学要想不辱使命,必须从市场竞争中的弱势群体的立场上出发,因为这既是经济科学的优良传统,又是中国全面建设小康社会的着力点。