Desire for Smart Growth: A Survey of Residential Preferences in the Salt Lake Region of Utah

As an alternative to sprawling development, smart growth combines proximity to work, proximity to shopping and other destinations, neighborhood housing mix, shared and paid parking, complete street designs, and proximity to public transit. This article uses a stated-choice experiment to determine residents' attitudes toward these various aspects of smart growth in the Salt Lake region of Utah. Utah is a conservative state, where attitudes toward auto-oriented suburbia may be more positive than in other parts of the United States. So, one might wonder whether changing national attitudes toward smart growth, documented in several surveys, apply to residents of the Salt Lake region. In this stated-choice experiment, respondents were asked to choose between pairs of housing scenarios with different attributes and different prices. Mixed logit (random parameters logit) was used to relate individuals' choices to attributes, prices, and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. The results show that, generally, respondents have positive attitudes toward most aspects of smart growth but still express preferences for single-family neighborhoods with free parking in their own driveways or garages. Different life cycle cohorts have different preferences. Proximity to work is more important for childless young adults. Young families with children place higher value on living in a neighborhood with only single-family homes and transit access. Retired empty nesters favor a mix of housing types over single-family housing on one-acre-plus lots. The results suggest that while residents of the Salt Lake region like suburban neighborhoods with primarily single-family houses, they would also like to have improved accessibility to amenities in the suburbs.     

A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

汽油中的毒品还原分析

目的建立汽油中海洛因的检验方法及还原方法。方法利用无水乙醇挥发汽油混合物中的汽油,通过TLC、IR、GC、GC/MS对汽油混合物中溶剂和毒品成份进行了定性定量分析。结果利用该方法对涉案检材成功进行了毒品还原及检验分析。结论该方法适合于此类案件检验。     

论国家豁免中商业交易的认定

在国家豁免领域内,各国的国内立法和国际条约都规定国家从事以追求利润为目的的商业交易不得援引豁免。但是,如何建立一个公认的法律标准来认定商业交易则并非易事。由于所有对商业交易的定义都是难以捉摸和模糊不清的,很难清楚和准确地将某一行为归于商业行为或非商业行为。在确定一个行为是否是商业交易时,法院通常将行为的目的或性质确定为验证行为特征的辅助手段。但不论是行为的目的或性质都不能提供完全满意的区分标准,因而产生了另一种更广义的区分标准,即混合标准。鉴于目前尚未找到共同的国际标准,在区分商业行为和主权行为时,联合国国际法委员会所提倡的混合标准说仍不失为一个较为理想的折衷之道。     

高效价鸡抗人精液血清的制备和应用

本文介绍一种制备高效价鸡抗人精血清的方法。给10只2kg 以上的公鸡同时静脉和肌肉注射5～10％混合人精液7～8次,获得特异性很强,效价达50,000倍左右的抗血清。通过实验和检案证明,对由于腐败污染、水浸或水洗而含微量精斑的检材,均能检出。     

The typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains

It is known that the typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains is difficult since Gc protein of the extracts of blood stains migrates more anodally to the α₁-globulin region in agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis, while Gc protein in liquid blood normally migrates to the α₂-globulin region. We have reported that the Gc protein found in the α₁-region is the result of binding of actin to Gc protein (Shinomiya, K., Kimura, H., Yoshida, K., and Shinomiya, T., J. Biochem., 92 (1982) 1163–1171, which renders it difficult to determine the Gc-phenotypes in the blood stains. On the basis of the above findings, we developed the method of phenotyping the Gc protein of human blood stains by agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis. Since the binding activity of actin to Gc protein is lost after treatment with a high concentration of guanidine HCl, the extracts of blood stains were treated with 4 M guanidine HCl to dissociate Gc protein and actin and then dialyzed to remove guanidine HCl. By this method we are able to determine the phenotypes of Gc protein in blood stains. The method we have developed is a useful tool in the forensic laboratory.     

Exsanguinated blood volume estimation using fractal analysis of digital images

The estimation of bloodstain volume using fractal analysis of digital images of passive blood stains is presented. Binary digital photos of bloodstains of known volumes (ranging from 1 to 7 mL), dispersed in a defined area, were subjected to image analysis using FracLac V. 2.0 for ImageJ. The box-counting method was used to generate a fractal dimension for each trial. A positive correlation between the generated fractal number and the volume of blood was found (R(2) = 0.99). Regression equations were produced to estimate the volume of blood in blind trials. An error rate ranging from 78% for 1 mL to 7% for 6 mL demonstrated that as the volume increases so does the accuracy of the volume estimation. This method used in the preliminary study proved that bloodstain patterns may be deconstructed into mathematical parameters, thus removing the subjective element inherent in other methods of volume estimation.     

新型亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末在手印显现中的应用

目的 比较新型亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现手印的效果.方法 应用亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末与现场勘查箱内金粉、银粉和黑色磁性粉显现非渗透性客体表面油汗混合手印,并在自然光下观察比较显现效果.结果 亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现出的手印图像纹线清晰连贯,背景反差好.结论 亲油性纳米二氧化硅粉末显现手印具有一定的优势.     

磁珠法对混合斑中精子DNA批量自动提取的应用研究

目的 建立混合斑中精子DNA批量自动提取的方法.方法 对56例混合斑经第一步消化后的精子沉淀用DNA IQ试剂盒和Biomek（R）2000全自动核酸工作站自动提取纯化,3130xl型遗传分析仪分析结果.结果 56例混合斑检材均得到较好的STR分型结果.结论 DNA IQ试剂盒和Biomek（R）2000全自动核酸工作站批量自动提取纯化混合斑的方法快速简便,可应用于法庭科学实践.     

多式联运经营人货物损害赔偿责任限制规则的构建--兼评我国《合同法》与《海商法》的相应规定

网状赔偿责任限制模式、统一赔偿责任限制模式和综合性赔偿责任限制模式是构建多式联运经营人货物损害赔偿责任限制规则的三种模式。而综合性赔偿责任限制模式业已被当今多式联运国际规则和国内立法所采用。我国多式联运立法尽管也采纳该模式 ,但具体规则设计上仍有待完善 :一方面 ,应赋予多式联运经营人对任何形态的货物损害享有适当的赔偿责任限制的权利 ;另一方面 ,损害赔偿责任限制立法规则的设计应考虑规则的可预见性