The use of Polilight in the detection of seminal fluid, saliva, and bloodstains and comparison with conventional chemical-based screening tests

Biological stains can be difficult to detect at crime scenes or on items recovered from crime scenes. The use of a versatile light source may assist in their detection. The ability of Polilight to locate potential semen, saliva, and blood stains on a range of substrates and at different dilutions was tested. We also tested the use of Polilight in comparison with conventional chemical-based presumptive screening tests such as acid phosphatase (AP), Phadebas, and luminol, often used in casework for detecting potential semen, saliva, and blood stains, respectively. The Polilight was able to locate stains that were not apparent to the naked eye. The color of the material on which a stain is deposited can have an effect on the detectibility of the stain. The Polilight was found to be comparable with the AP and Phadebas tests in terms of its sensitivity. In a comparative study between the AP test and Polilight on 40 casework exhibits, one false-negative result was observed when using the Polilight. On a series of mock casework exhibits it was determined that the Polilight can be used successfully to locate saliva stains for DNA analysis. The sensitivity of luminol for detecting potential bloodstains was greater than that of Polilight; however the Polilight has particular application in instances where a bloodstain may have been concealed with paint. Overall, the Polilight is a relatively safe, simple, noninvasive, and nondestructive technique suitable for use in forensic casework.     

对现行人体损伤鉴定标准若干条文的再认识

本文针对目前在人体损伤程度鉴定中存在着对现行的<人体轻伤鉴定标准(试行)>和<人体重伤鉴定标准>部分条文理解、执行不统一,提出关于适用<标准>的鉴定原则、鉴定时限以及部分条文的说明与操作.     

Dichroism measurements in forensic fibre examination: Part 3 — Dyed cotton and viscose fibres

A number of dyed cellulosic fibres were examined with plane polarized light on their dichroic behavior by microscopy and microspectrophotometry (MSP-PPL). Significant dichroic effects (mostly hypochromic effects and hypsochromic bands shifts) were reported. The effect is related to the chemical structure: some dye structures always possess dichroism (azo, stilbene, thiazole and oxazine), some dyes demonstrate sometimes dichroic effects (anthraquinoid, indigoid) while other structures never demonstrate dichroic effects (sulphur, diphenylmethanes, triarylmethanes, phthalocyanines). In some cases a different dichroic behavior was found for the same dyes applied on cotton and on viscose.     

我国传统轻工业产业升级与结构调整中的政府功能探析

当前推进传统产业升级、提升自主创新能力是实现我国产业结构调整和经济发展方式转变的一项重要内容。轻工制造业作为我国传统的优势产业,在保持社会稳定、解决就业以及扩大内需方面都具有重要的现实意义。本文以制笔业这一典型的轻工劳动密集型行业为例,分析了现阶段制约我国轻工产业升级和结构调整的主要现实问题,并从六个方面探讨了在推进我国轻工产业结构调整和自主创新能力发展中如何发挥政府的功能性作用。     

当代中国行政控权理论的理性选择

西方传统控权理论随着时代的变迁而不断发展。从红灯理论到绿灯理论反映了西方在对待行政权力态度上的变化,但对于控制政府权力的观点始终没有变化。当代,由于行政权力的扩张,对公民权利侵犯的潜在威胁也随之增大。目前,中国行政权力的滥用已经严重地影响了公民的合法权利和社会稳定。因此,借鉴西方控权理论的合理内容,结合中国的国情,探索适合中国的行政控权途径十分重要。本文认为,程序控制是比较理想的选择。     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.     

基于真实世界艾灸督脉组穴治疗轻度认知障碍临床观察

目的 观察基于真实世界研究方法下，艾灸督脉组穴治疗轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment，MCI）的临床疗效。方法 选取符合条件的MCI患者260例，建立标准化数据库，详细记录患者信息和治疗过程，试验结束后根据研究目的分别以不同艾灸温度、艾灸时长、灸治频率及灸治疗程分组，运用倾向评分匹配法平衡组间混杂因素，比较不同艾灸温度（43.1~46 ℃，40.1~43 ℃）、艾灸时长（30 min，20 min）、灸治频率（每周6次，每周3次）及灸治疗程（8周，6周）下患者的总有效率，观察治疗前后简易精神状态检查（mini-mental status examinination，MMSE）量表、蒙特利尔认知评估（Montreal cognitive assessment，MoCA）量表评分变化，血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）、神经丝蛋白轻链（neurofilament light chain，NfL）水平变化情况。结果 匹配前艾灸督脉组穴治疗MCI的总有效率为88.46%（230/260）；匹配后发现艾灸督脉疗法分别在艾灸温度为43.1~46 ℃、艾灸时长为30 min时疗效更佳，更能改善患者认知功能，且可一定程度降低患者血浆Hcy、NfL水平。结论 基于真实世界研究方法艾灸督脉组穴可明显改善MCI患者的认知功能，其机制可能是通过减轻机体氧化应激损伤从而保护脑部神经细胞实现的。     

穴位注射配合普通针刺治疗脊髓损伤60例

目的 观察穴位注射配合普通针刺疗法对脊髓损伤患者运动和感觉功能的影响。方法 将60例脊髓损伤患者随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组30例。对照组采用普通针刺治疗，治疗组加用穴位注射疗法。治疗前后分别采用美国脊髓损伤委员会(American Spine Injury Association, ASIA)脊髓残存分级标准评定两组脊髓功能，观察并比较两组患者的轻触觉、针刺觉和运动评分。结果 治疗后两组ASIA残存分级均较治疗前显著改善（P<0.05），治疗后两组轻触觉、针刺觉、运动评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.01），治疗组在升高轻触觉、针刺觉、运动评分方面显著优于对照组（P<0.05，或P<0.01）。结论 穴位注射配合普通针刺能有效改善脊髓损伤患者的运动、感觉功能。     

Illuminating the benefits and limitations of forensic light sources

Forensic light sources, such as a Crime-lite, are used in forensic laboratories and by police staff in the examination for, and detection of, biological material. Whilst the benefits of using forensic light sources are relatively well understood, their limitations are less-so. This report details the outcome of studies, validation and review by three forensic laboratories, as well as three case examples, to highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of the tested forensic light sources and to demonstrate that, whilst a useful preliminary screening tool, they should not be used in isolation without subsequent presumptive chemical testing. False positives and negatives are common, and the background substrate and specific biological material present can have a significant effect on the outcome of examination when using a forensic light source.     

The effects of four different solvent vapours on the restoration of obliterated stamp markings from five different wooden surfaces

The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks’ examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples.