Stability and Specificity of Counterfeit Protection System Code

In this study, the stability and specificity of a counterfeit protection system (CPS) code were determined. This research involved an analysis of a counterfeit protection system code unit over time using the pattern location measurement method. We collected 379 sample sheets from 196 printers or photocopiers, covering 14 original brands, including 129 models. There was an interval of at least two months between the collections of samples from each machine. Four types of characteristics were established: CPS pattern unit, distance of the CPS unit, position of dots, size and shape of the dot. Except for the partial changes in the Xerox brand, no other brand exhibited changes over time. This implies that the CPS characteristics are stable. Meanwhile, no correlation was noted between the combinations of the characteristic systems in the collected samples, which implied strong specificity.     

Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines Between Toners and Seals by Laser Fluorescence Microscope

Fluorescence microscope is considered to be one of the most effective ways to examine the sequence of intersecting seal and toner lines of questioned documents. In reality, however, the toner (mainly divided into compact and noncompact toners) and seal of a questioned document have such a complex morphology and sequence of crossing lines that current methods cannot meet the requirement of practical document identification. In view of the challenges of document examination, a laser fluorescence microscope and method are developed in this study. The developed microscope provides additional functionality to traditional fluorescence microscopes of transmitted light modality, laser excitation, selectable excitation wavelength, and selectable fluorescence filters. The results obtained from the method of comparisons between transmitted light and fluorescence modalities were positive under most conditions, particularly for noncompact toner examination for which a 100% accuracy rate and 90% detection rate were achieved in blind testing.     

A General Clause of Punitive Damages Should Be Established in China's Future Civil Code

Punitive damages have several functions that are worthy of serious research. For instance, punitive damages could help to compensate victims for moral damages suffered and offer more sufficient ex-ante compensation in cases of wrongful death or bodily injury, thus compensating for the losses suffered by victims more completely; they could punish private wrongs more effectively and provide a means of personal revenge within the law, incidentally deterring and preventing future wrongs; they could be used to correct abuses of power or status by the rich, large corporations, or the government; and they could be used to complement criminal law, etc. In order to fully realize the advantages of this institution in the Chinese society, we should expand its application in China’s tort law and carefully design the scope of its application, including the subjects to which it would be applicable and the amounts that would be allowable. In the short term, the application of punitive damages could be expanded through specific individual legislation, increase of the amounts of compensation for mental damages in individual cases or local legislation. In the long term, a general clause on punitive damages should be established in tort law in China’s future Civil Code, stipulating that “punitive damages can be applied to those who have performed tortious acts that deserve severe moral condemnation, due to the actor’s malicious intent or indifference or disregard for others’ rights.”     

论民法作为政治文明的法制与文化基础

在西方历史中,民法精神提供了推动政治文明进步的直接动力。民法作为政治文明法制与文化基础之根源在于, 政治文明以市民社会为基础,民法为市民社会基本法,民法文化为市民社会之文化。民法培育了政治文明系统的 基本要素,提供了促进政治文明的社会动力,并创造其运行的外围环境。中国的政治文明建设,应以民事立法的 发达为基础,并依赖于民法成为最广泛的社会文化,中国民法典则当然地承担这一政治使命。     

试论我国民法典体系的建构

民法典体系化是其内在要求 ,我国民法典应体现人类社会开放性与稳定性特点 ,应体现人本主义精神 ,为此 ,民法体系应构建如下 :总则篇 ,人身权篇、财产权篇、侵权责任篇、涉外民事关系的法律适用篇。     

对程序复杂程度的定量度量方法的分析

软件复杂度是为了预测软件开发费用、开发周期、可靠性的模块内程序逻辑复杂性的度量方法。本文介绍了最常用的代码行度量法,Halstead方法和McCabe方法及其特点,讨论了它们的适用范围和可用性。     

《唐律》与现行刑法之共同犯罪比较研究

《唐律》体现了中国古代立法的最高水平。《唐律》对共同犯罪的立法模式渗透着鲜明的身份等差思想 ;其共犯类型复杂多样 ,规定了混合共犯、胁从犯、同时犯、教令犯及实行过限。比较分析《唐律》和现行刑法对共同犯罪的相关规定 ,是探求当代刑法共同犯罪理论发展、完善的有效路径之一。     

民法典总则与民法典立法体系模式

德国民法典总则的形成,是一种逻辑思维方法及立法技术运用的必然结果,其本身并不包含任何价值判断。身份权的独立所导致的“人法”的分裂,物权与债权的区分所导致的“物法”的分裂,以及法律关系一般理论的创制对于法典体系结构的影响,是该法典设置总则的技术原因。理论界对潘德克吞体系“重物轻人”的批评,混淆了罗马法与近代民法中“人法”以及“身份”的不同概念。鉴于民法典总则的体制价值和制度整合功能,中国民法典应当设置总则编。     

契约中的主观主义与客观主义研究

契约中的客观主义与主观主义始终贯彻契约法的发展史,在不同的历史阶段,两者的地位并不相同,它们更多的从属于政治、经济等要求。两者不是相互排斥而是相互融合的关系。主要的民法典文本或契约法文本没有任何一个完全贯彻客观主义或主观主义。我国未来民法典也没有必要在两极之中选择一个,而是应当将两者结合起来。     

从《刑法》第167条看合同诈骗犯罪中的国家被害

在对国有企事业单位实施的合同诈骗中 ,犯罪分子利用相关主管人员在签定、履行合同中的失职行为 ,侵害国有资产 ,国家作为犯罪行为恶果的直接承担者是该类犯罪的被害人。国家在合同诈骗犯罪中属于状态被害人 ,在当前社会转型期间 ,其财产被害性更较以往增大 ,须在加强立法、健全管理体制以及深化国有企业改革等方面抓好被害预防。