Stage model for female criminals: business school students’ perceptions of white-collar offenders

We know that half of the population in Norway is female, and we know that females represent 6% of the white-collar crime prison population. In the stage model overview, we derive percentages from the literature into the gender model to explain stepwise reduction from 50% to 6%. In our empirical research, we asked two groups of business school students to come up with their own estimates for the stages in the model for female criminals. While estimates from executive students resulted in 3% women in prison, bachelor students’ estimates resulted in 10% women in prison. The most obvious discrepancy between the research literature and our two survey groups is related to relative convictions. Based on the literature, we suggested that female defendants receive more serious convictions because they may perceive and feel more guilt for a crime, for example in terms of regret, shame and depression. Thus women may have a tendency to confess more easily. Both executive students and bachelor students disagree with this estimate of 140%, as they suggest 62% and 69% respectively. One reason for their suggestion of less serious convictions for female white-collar criminals – sometimes labelled pink-collar criminals – might be that family situation and other elements are taken into account before a verdict is passed on a woman. Another substantial discrepancy is related to detection risk. The literature suggests a low detection risk for women, but may be not as low as we estimated at 30%. Both executive and bachelor students believe that the gender difference in detection likelihood is not that formidable, as they suggest 75% and 65% respectively.     

劳模精神：一流教师培育的价值引领

弘扬劳模精神与培育一流教师具有相促相济的关系。劳模精神孕育和助推一流教师的职业发展,爱岗敬业的工作态度是先决条件;争创一流的工作目标是根本动力;艰苦奋斗的工作作风是必要准则;勇于创新的工作方法是关键法宝;淡泊名利的工作境界是道义要求;甘于奉献的工作品质是永恒魅力。在积极弘扬劳模精神中着力培育一流教师,要在内容、形式、主体、效果上下功夫,着力坚定教师的信念、强化教师的热情、激发教师的共鸣、提升教师的能力。     

On The Trial-centered New Relationship between Prosecutors and Lawyers

The relationship between prosecutors and lawyers is not only an important part of the center of the judicial system, but also the visual expression of modern criminal structures. The Eighth Session of the Fourth Plenary proposed reform to the trial as the center of litigation system, to provide a policy basis on which to build a new relationship between prosecutors and lawyers. In prosecution of criminal proceedings the body performs an important function in the “trial centered” litigation model, how to build the suitable relationships between the prosecutors and lawyers is of great significance for the target to be completed in Litigation Reform.     

Quality Management in Public-Sector Organizations: Evidence from Six EU Countries

Although there is considerable evidence for the hypothesis that an efficient use of management techniques is the key to a good public service delivery, a lot of studies come to the conclusion that there is only partial, reluctant implementation or even a general lack of the use of such techniques by public managers. This paper examines the determinants for the use of quality management techniques in public sector organizations from six EU countries. It turns out that especially more organizational autonomy and result control appear to be of importance while, surprisingly, the combination of these variables leads to negative results.     

Attitudes towards highly skilled and low‐skilled immigration in Europe: A survey experiment in 15 European countries

To what extent do economic concerns drive anti‐migrant attitudes? Key theoretical arguments extract two central motives: increased labour market competition and the fiscal burden linked to the influx of migrants. This article provides new evidence regarding the impact of material self‐interest on attitudes towards immigrants. It reports the results of a survey experiment embedded in representative surveys in 15 European countries before and after the European refugee crisis in 2014. As anticipated by the fiscal burden argument, it is found that rich natives prefer highly skilled over low‐skilled migration more than low‐income respondents do. Moreover, the study shows that these tax concerns among the wealthy are stronger if fiscal exposure to migration is high. No support is found for the labour market competition argument predicting that natives will be most opposed to migrants with similar skills. The results suggest that highly skilled migrants are preferred over low‐skilled migrants irrespective of natives’ skill levels.     

东北老工业基地全面振兴中的劳模文化价值探析

东北老工业基地的劳模文化集中表现为以"爱岗敬业、争创一流、艰苦奋斗、勇于创新、淡泊名利、甘于奉献"为本质内涵的劳模精神,是东北老工业基地全面振兴的重要精神资源,应充分发挥其在全面振兴东北老工业基地中的重要价值。使劳模文化融入到政府的建设中,企业的实践中,人才的培养中。把劳模文化融入培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的全过程。     

我国基于横切分裂的多元协商民主模式——以十八大代表结构为例

近年，国内学界对协商民主模式颇为关注，众多学者对这一模式的起源、定义、发展趋向等方面进行了大量研究，但很少注意到：协商民主模式的有效运作必须以一国内部不同群体之间的横切分裂为基础；这一模式内部包含多元参与；其有效运作必须以一国内部经济、宗教、语言、民族、意识形态等方面的非两极化为前提。协商民主模式的发展必须注意多元参与和运作前提等等。对中国共产党÷八大代表结构变化的分析可以判断出：我国正在完善多元协商模式，而且，这一模式将有效维护我国政治、经济和社会的稳定。     

Development as recolonization: the political ecology of the Endosulphan disaster in Kasargod,India

This paper examines the Endosulphan pesticide disaster in Kasargod, Kerala, India. The paper argues that the pesticide disaster was the culmination of an agrarian modernization project implemented in the region by the state-owned Plantation Corporation of Kerala (PCK). An exploration of the political ecology of the disaster shows the recolonization of residents and nature by PCK through neocolonial forms of centralized and exclusionary spatial and resource control mechanisms. In this context, the paper questions the glorification of the “Kerala model” of development from the standpoints of environmental justice and resource rights, relying on the lived experiences of the people of Kasargod.     

脑络欣通对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注模型大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化的影响

目的 观察脑络欣通对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注（middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion,MCAO-R）模型大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化的影响。方法 采用线栓法复制MCAO-R大鼠模型,将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组和给药组。分别采用神经功能评分和TTC染色鉴定模型大鼠的神经功能缺损和脑缺血面积,采用免疫荧光染色法观察大鼠海马CA1、CA2、CA3、齿状回（dentate gyrus,DG）区巢蛋白（Nestin）和神经丝蛋白-H（hypophosphorylated neurofilament-H,NF-H）表达水平。结果 给药组Nestin阳性表达主要发生在DG区,NF-H阳性表达主要发生在CA3区。脑络欣通促进神经干细胞增殖的作用在DG、CA1、CA2、CA3区均十分明显,以DG区尤为突出,促进神经干细胞分化的作用主要表现在CA3、DG、CA2、CA1区。与模型组比较,给药组大鼠海马各区的Nestin、NF-H阳性细胞均明显增多,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 脑络欣通具有促进海马区神经干细胞增殖并分化为神经细胞的作用。     

In Search of Master Negotiators: A Negotiation Competency Model

Over the last four decades, the field of negotiation has become a fully recognized academic discipline around the world and negotiation courses and competitions have become increasingly popular. Although it is believed that negotiators may be trained and that negotiation is a skill that can be taught and evaluated, the question of how to assess negotiation performance systematically and comprehensively remains largely unanswered. This article proposes a negotiation competency model for evaluating negotiation performance. The model includes a set of selected negotiation competencies together with proficiency levels and their behavioral indicators. Our goal is to help scholars design more effective negotiation courses and fairer negotiation competitions, improve negotiation pedagogy, and train negotiators who are well prepared to handle conflicts in our increasingly complex society.