以自主创新促进国民经济又好又快发展

创新型国家的实践昭示，创新对于经济增长的贡献率与日俱增，以创新依靠型取代资源依赖型增长模式业已成为发展路径的必然选择。资源性约束与增长模式惯性成为中国国民经济又好又快发展的巨大障碍：人均资源短缺，资源消耗量大，产出效率比较低。从广义的创新主体视域观之，首先应树立全社会致力于自主创新的自信心，妥善处理政府与企业的互动关系，充分发挥政府对于自主创新的主导作用，以及大力发挥企业作为自主创新的主体作用，最终实现我国经济发展模式由要素驱动型向创新驱动型的嬗变。     

Institutions and Caribbean Economic Performance: Insights from Jamaica

We explore the impact of social institutions on economic performance in Jamaica through a reinterpretation of the plantation economic model. In its original form, the plantation model fails to develop a causal link between the plantation legacy and persistent underdevelopment. Despite its marginalization, the model remains useful for discussions on growth and development. Consequently, we offer a reappraisal using the causal insights from Kenneth Sokoloff and Stanley Engerman. We use two examples to demonstrate how inequality encourages the formation of institutions that are inconsistent with growth, and an empirical analysis to confirm the hypothesized relationship between inequality, institutions, and economic development. Since inequality is expected to influence growth indirectly, we use a structural specification, which follows William Easterly’s recent test of Sokoloff and Engerman’s argument. Our reliance on a time-series specification is unique. We demonstrate that the expectation that, on average, inequality and growth is negatively related and that institutions may compromise growth are accurate for Jamaica, the most cited Caribbean nation in the current discourse. Our results carry several policy implications, including support for the recent calls in Jamaica for political restructuring. However, both the paucity of similar studies and the importance of the implications for sustainable growth and development demand further analyses.

社区管理模式之比较选择

社区研究必须研究社区管理模式。国外曾出现了三种主要的社区管理模式，由于国情不同，它们各具特点。现阶段我国城市社区管理尚处于探索发展时期，各地的实际情况也各不相同。因此，应在比较分析不同社区管理模式的适应性的基础上作出科学的选择。     

Survival analysis: A survey

This paper is a survey of statistical methods used to analyze the length of time until a specified event occurs. These models have often been used to analyze the survival times (i.e., time until death) of medical patients, and so the term survival analysis is natural. In criminology, the main application of these models has been to analyze the time until recidivism, but many other applications are possible. The paper summarizes the statistical literature on survival analysis, and describes its applications in criminology. The methods are illustrated by an application to the prediction of time until recidivism for a sample of North Carolina prison releasees.     

刍议税收基本法立法的几个基本问题

税收基本法已经正式列入了十届人大的立法规划。但由于在一些基本问题上还存在较多的疑问,本届人大能否 完成立法工作尚不可知。根据对税收基本法的立法必要性、立法模式与内容安排、税收基本法所要解决的重点与 难点问题的探讨,提出了作者自己的观点和建议。     

示范诉讼制度探析——兼论我国代表人诉讼制度之完善

示范诉讼制度具有其他群体性纠纷解决制度所不具备的特征和独特功能,正因如此,目前已经有许多国家和地区在民事诉讼立法中对其加以明确规定,还有些国家在实践中大量运用这一制度以解决实际问题。我国现行民事诉讼法有关群体性纠纷解决制度的规定存在明显的缺陷,结合在新形势下我国所面临的司法现实需求,为了更好的解决群体性纠纷,在我国未来的民事诉讼立法当中,在对代表人诉讼制度进行完善的同时,应当引入示范诉讼制度;同时考虑到示范诉讼自身的一些特点,在具体制度设计上,要充分考虑并注意处理好其与代表人诉讼制度的协调问题,以便更好地发挥两种制度各自的优点。     

赤足跖后缘自动提取与自适应变模型特征识别

将经典Snake模型与自适应变模型相结合的算法，快速提取图像中的开边缘并识别边缘形状，实现赤足足迹跖后缘的自动提取与形状识别。首先，对原图像校正、平滑去噪，由数学形态学方法得到Snake模型的初始轮廓，迭代求解实现跖后缘的快速、精确提取。然后，由高次多项式进行数字滤波，再对滤波后的边缘曲线，利用先验知识，依据平均曲率的变化，自适应地选取不同的函数模型，提取出相应特征，自动识别边缘形状。该方法边缘提取准确，特征提取合理，使计算机总体识别率达到90％。     

西方政府领导权责体系比较分析

文章以西方政府领导权力为轴心，对西方政府领导权力结构、职权模式以及责任体系进行对比分析，力求探寻西方各国政府领导权力活动的内在本质属性。     

The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

英美国家企业刑事责任论的最新发展——以英国《2007年企业过失致人死亡罪法》为例

首先回顾英国{2007年企业过失致人死亡罪法》的出台过程与背景，分析该法的政策意义，并指出有效控制与处罚企业违法行为的政策目的是这一法案得以通过的重要原因。之后，在上述论断的基础上，介绍了英美国家企业刑事责任论近年的发展情况，并分析其中从个人到组织、从主观到客观的发展趋势。最后，提出在企业犯罪频发的现阶段，为了更好地发挥刑罚的预防功能，我国也需要对目前的单位刑事责任论进行反思。