Can You Build a Better Cop?

Research Summary

By drawing from psychology and economics, we present an experimental evaluation of a procedural justice training program designed to “slow down” police officers’ thought processes during citizen encounters. We find that officers who were randomly assigned to participate in training were as engaged in the community as similarly situated officers, but they were less likely to resolve incidents with an arrest or to be involved in incidents where force was used. These changes were most evident among officers who worked in areas with a modest level of risk.

Policy Implications

Police officers who are actively engaged with the public can reduce crime through general deterrence and by arresting criminals. Nevertheless, excessive discretionary arrests and the use of force by officers can reduce public trust in the police. To date, there is scant evidence as to how police departments can successfully train officers to balance enforcement and public trust in the field. Through our study, we demonstrate that a relatively minor supervisory intervention may cause substantive changes in how police and citizens interact with each other.     

刑事诉讼程序法律责任论

刑事诉讼法是规范刑事诉讼活动的法律规范总和。刑事诉讼目的的实现仰赖于国家司法机关和刑事诉讼当事人、诉讼参与人对刑事诉讼程序规范的遵守。目前我国刑事诉讼程序违法现象较为严重,其原因除了“重实体、轻程序”的传统外,刑事诉讼程序法律责任制度的缺失也是重要的原因。刑事诉讼程序法律责任的存在有其正当的哲学根据、宪法根据、逻辑根据及现实基础。我国必须确立以程序性法律后果为主体的刑事程序法律责任基础,以司法审查和程序裁判为责任实现途径的刑事诉讼程序保障机制。     

Folktales of Legality: Family Law in the Procedural Republic The Narrative Structure of Family Law

This article explores the narrative structure offamily law where divorce is available on ground ofirretrievable breakdown following separation for oneyear. It argues that contemporary no-fault regimesexemplify law's procedural republic, a space with itsown legal, ethical and political requirements whichhas little if any connection to the life-worlds of theparties. Through an analysis of intractable parentingdisputes it argues that the interaction of no-faultdivorce, the requirement to have regard to the bestinterests of the child and the principle that childrenhave a right to contact with both parents has led tothe creation of particular narrative forms. Thesenarrative forms are characterised by their absolutismand map the unresolved grievances surrounding maritalbreakdown onto parenting disputes where the statutoryrequirements map them onto particular narratives andcounter-narratives. In this process, the narrativesof expert witnesses play an increasingly prominentrole, as do the naïve narratives put forward bylitigants in person. The article argues that thesenarratives are, in important ways, fictions and thatthey are compelled by the procedural requirements ofno-fault divorce. It argues further that thesefictions are a consequence of the empty narrative spaceat the heart of family law.     

利益保障目的论解说──论民事诉讼制度的目的

文章认为,利益保障民事诉讼目的论中的利益是融诉讼中的实体利益与程序利益于一体的,此两种利益在民事诉讼中相互独立而又相辅相成,共同构成民事诉讼目的内容,文章通过对审判权与诉权关系的分析还认为,国家设置民事诉讼制度的目的,应当且只能通过实现程序利用者的目的来达成,因而民事诉讼目的论所要研究的目的应当主要围绕程序利用者的目的,即利益保障,否则难以发挥诉讼目的论的实效性。     

犯罪嫌疑人、被告人诉讼人权与诉讼权利比较研究

基于人的身份 ,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人享有广泛的实体人权 ,基于被嫌疑的身份 ,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的实体人权将会受到一定的限制或剥夺。为了保障其实体人权免受不正当侵害 ,国际人权法为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人设定了许多诉讼人权 ,与此相应的是 ,我国法律赋予了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人广泛的诉讼权利。但与国际人权法规定相比 ,我国法律规定仍有较大差距 ,有进一步完善之必要。     

意大利强制性侦查监控制度之特色

1988年意大利对刑事诉讼法进行了重大修改,修改之后的刑事侦查制度确立了侦查机关采用强制性侦查措施必须遵循适合性、必要性、相称性三个基本原则,建立了严格的司法授权和审查机制以及完善的司法救济程序。意大利这一改革动向对优化我国的强制性侦查监控制度具有重大的借鉴意义。     

论我国建立刑事证据开示制度

证据开示制度属于对抗式刑事诉讼制度的范畴。本文结合修订后的刑事诉讼法及刑事司法实践 ,阐述了我国建立刑事证据开示制度的必要性和可行性。