Application of forward‐looking infrared (FLIR) imaging from an unmanned aerial platform in the search for decomposing remains

Traditional methods of cadaver detection in outdoor environments include manual ground search, cadaver dogs, and manned aerial reconnaissance during daylight. These methods have limitations; however, a potential low‐cost alternative may be to employ thermal imaging equipment mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect heat emitted by insect and bacterial activity on the decomposing remains. No studies have addressed the influence of wrappings on detection of maggot mass thermal signatures nor assessed thermal detection of smaller body fragments. We addressed these knowledge gaps by utilizing a two‐phase experimental approach to explore thermal detection of carcasses using UAV‐mounted infrared imaging. In Phase 1, pig body fragments were deposited on the surface or shallow buried. In Phase 2, whole pig carcasses were deposited in four conditions: on the surface uncovered, wrapped in plastic or carpet, or buried. Our results demonstrated that observable heat emissions from remains corresponded to peak insect activity during active decay and could be readily detected in uncovered whole carcasses and fragments. Although plastic and carpet wrappings partly impeded detection of insect heat signatures, these materials were clearly detectable themselves because of their contrast to the background ground surface. Thermal signatures of buried partial remains and disturbed gravesoil were also observed; however, the buried whole carcass transitioned to adipocere prior to the decay stage and without any insect colonization or heat signature. These data can inform operational implementation of this technique to complement existing search strategies to offer a robust, low‐cost alternative for use where scene characteristics allow.     

The Westin Beijing Financial street

正Boasting seven restaurants and bars,the award-winning Westin Beijing Financial Street provides a range of exquisite dining options to unwind,connect with friends and colleagues or dine in style.Diners will be enchanted by our signature products,invigorating sensory experiences,innovative design concepts and exceptional cuisine.     

电子劳动合同的法律规则建构

电子劳动合同有利于方便当事人订立劳动合同，促进人力资源管理的信息化和智能化，便利 开展电子政务服务，但也存在技术门槛和技术风险以及数据安全和个人信息保护的问题。研究认为，电子劳动 合同的成立应以内容“可视为书面形式的数据电文为载体”以及“使用可靠的电子签名”为要件。电子劳动合 同与书面劳动合同二者具有同等的法律效力，用人单位其他人力资源管理行为以及劳动者的行为采用电子化形 式，只要符合特定形式要求也具有法律效力。由于主要由用人单位控制电子劳动合同的发起和订立过程，合同 订立过程中的风险和举证责任也应主要由用人单位承担。研究建议，我国应尽快出台全国统一的电子劳动合同 规则，处理好便利和安全的关系，同时完善相关的数据安全和个人信息保护制度。     

Forensic Identification of Blood in the Presence of Contaminations Using Raman Microspectroscopy Coupled with Advanced Statistics: Effect of Sand,Dust, and Soil

Body fluid traces recovered at crime scenes are among the most common and important types of forensic evidence. However, the ability to characterize a biological stain at a crime scene nondestructively has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we expand the Raman spectroscopic approach for the identification of dry traces of pure body fluids to address the problem of heterogeneous contamination, which can impair the performance of conventional methods. The concept of multidimensional Raman signatures was utilized for the identification of blood in dry traces contaminated with sand, dust, and soil. Multiple Raman spectra were acquired from the samples via automatic scanning, and the contribution of blood was evaluated through the fitting quality using spectroscopic signature components. The spatial mapping technique allowed for detection of “hot spots” dominated by blood contribution. The proposed method has great potential for blood identification in highly contaminated samples.     

建设和完善我国电子商务法律体系的探索

由于电子商务是在虚拟的网络空间进行运营，这就涉及非基于纸张的通讯和信息存储，从而引发种种新的法律问题，如域名抢注、著作权侵权、消费者合法权益受到侵害、网络欺骗等一系列新的法律问题。这些新问题对法律规范提出了重大挑战，即现有法律要么不适用，要么不能完全解决问题。如何运用法律手段进行调整是摆在我们面前的重要课题。     

UNCITRAL《电子商务示范法》签名条款的解析

本文分析了联合国国际贸易法委员会（ＵＮＣＩＴＲＡＬ）《电子商务示范法》的签名条款平等和安全的价值取向。规范的内容以及其产生的独特社会背景、作用与影响，包括其不足之处和发展趋向。     

丈夫拒不签字导致孕妇死亡案的法律透视——一种法治理念下的深层次思考

北京发生的丈夫拒绝签字导致孕妇死亡事件暴露出手术签字制度在具体执行与法律实效上的冲突，这说明法治建设不仅要求严格守法，更要有完善的法律制度，还要求公民和执法人员法律意识和法学素养的提高。     

Wavelet Analysis of Resultant Velocity Belonging to Genuine and Forged Signatures

This study presents a wavelet analysis of resultant velocity features belonging to genuine and forged groups of signature sample. Signatures of individuals were initially classified based on visual human perceptions of their relative sizes, complexities, and legibilities of the genuine counterparts. Then, the resultant velocity was extracted and modeled through wavelet analysis from each sample. The wavelet signal was decomposed into several layers based on maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT). Next, the zero crossing rate features were calculated from all the high wavelet sub‐bands. A total of seven hypotheses were then tested using a two‐way ANOVA testing methodology. Of these, four hypotheses were conducted to test for significance differences between distributions. In addition, three hypotheses were run to provide test for interaction between two factors of signature authentication versus perceived classification. The results demonstrated that both feature distributions belonging to genuine and forged groups of samples cannot be distinguished by themselves. Instead, they were significantly different under the influence of two other inherent factors, namely perceived size and legibility. Such new findings are useful information particularly in providing bases for forensic justifications in establishing the authenticity of handwritten signature specimens.     

Documents signed or executed with electronic signatures in English law

There remains concern among solicitors about the evidential weight of electronic documents, including document systems that are used to execute high value transactions. This article considers the meaning, in electronic terms, of document, book or paper, instrument, writing, record and map – both in terms of legislation and case law. Consideration is also given to primary evidence, original document and certified copies, the requirement that an agreement or communication be in writing and what is mean by a signature. The discussion then considers execution as a deed and the requirement for signing in the presence of a witness, including where the witness is remote.     

Examination of a "velasco" signature on an oil painting

In September 2003, an investor bought an oil painting at auction in Denmark. The painting was signed "José Maria Velasco." The investor attempted to sell the painting in the United States, but found that he needed confirmation that this was an authentic Velasco painting. The provenance of the painting was questionable because it came to Europe from Cuba without appropriate documentation including the date of its entry into the European market. If the signature was determined to be authentic, the painting would have an approximate value of 1 million dollars. Initial research on the life and works of the artist and a literature review resulted in the preparation of an "Art Worksheet." Known signature specimens were obtained from reputable sources. A comparison of the known signatures with the questioned signature concluded the questioned signature was very probably not executed by José Maria Velasco.