Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: The Role of Social Entrepreneurs

Internationally, there has been a general trend towards crime prevention and community safety measures. The main policy ideas and instruments associated with this trend have spread widely in Western countries. This article examines the Swedish national crime prevention policy. As Sweden is a welfare society with a long tradition of social crime prevention, it is of great interest to explore to what extent the aforementioned trend has influenced its crime prevention policy. We do this by examining Sweden's national policy and how its concepts have spread to the local level—specifically, to municipalities and their local crime prevention councils. We find that there has been a preventive shift in Sweden, although not as far-reaching as in many other European countries. Substantial changes have occurred in the understanding and direction of crime prevention work, and the question is to what extent this development will continue.     

试论《食品安全法》中关于消费者权益保护的欠缺

消费者是食品链中最大的群体。《食品安全法》的立法之本是为了保护消费者的安全,但是《食品安全法》在消费者权益保护方面却存在很多问题,比如,食品安全概念的狭隘,某些法条难以实施,与其它法律之间互相矛盾等。本文分析了《食品安全法》关于消费者权益保护的欠缺之处,并提出了修改建议。食品药品监督管理总局的成立及食品安全监管部门职能的调整改变了以前分段管理的模式,《食品安全法》要做相应的修改。希望在《食品安全法》的修订过程中可以加强对消费者权益的保护,增加该法的实用性。     

一起建筑工地食堂食物中毒的行政处罚案例分析

目的通过对一起建筑工地食堂食物中毒处罚案例进行分析,探讨《中华人民共和国食品安全法》对食物中毒处罚的适用和可操作性。方法对一起建筑工地食堂食物中毒案例处罚过程进行分析讨论。结果当前缺乏对《中华人民共和国食品安全法》相关条款的司法解释,缺乏对"货值金额"等名词的定义,以及缺乏规范性文件对个别条款的补充。结论建议及时出台《中华人民共和国食品安全法》相关配套规范性文件及司法解释,增加法律的可操作性,有效遏制违法经营行为。     

食品安全治理的国外研究述评

作为困扰各国的世界性难题,食品安全问题引起了各国学界的重视,纷纷对这一问题开展深入研究。将从食品安全的概念及必要性、食品安全影响因素、食品安全各利益相关方、食品安全治理对策这四个维度对国外研究进行综合评述。     

Effective Communication and Frame Persuasiveness for Food Safety Controversies： The Young Male Consumer＇s Perspective

This study explored effective risk communication for food safety targeting young male consumers who frequently dine outside by examining the controversy of US beef importation in Taiwan in 2012. Guided by risk perception theory and framing theory in issues management, the researcher developed a risk profile of young male consumers based on interview data. Persuasiveness of message frames used by the government was analyzed according to three distinct communicative objectives： to reduce risk perception, to motivate beef consumption, and to gain support for beef importation. The study suggested that the young male consumer＇s knowledge of US beef was formed by news reports and information from family members with experts as the most trusted source. They perceived US beef as risky but safe to eat if they wished. They seldom actively sought information about the beef. The new media were the most used by them for seeking and receiving such information. Frame persuasiveness varied across communicative objectives and was associated with the schemata employed in the configuration of risk-benefit trade-offs for each targeted behavior.     

我国食品安全监管体制的历史演变、现实评价和未来选择

食品安全关乎到一个国家、一个民族的前途命运和生死存亡。目前我国虽然已经初步建立了食品安全法律的规制体系,并在实践中发挥了重要作用,但我国食品安全监管体制的历史演变决定了我国食品安全监管糟糕的现实状况。因此,应当确定法律规制的重点领域以及优先考虑的方向,进而提高我国食品安全监管的水平和效率。     

大型群众性活动安全管理责任分析

＂谁举办、谁负责＂是大型群众性活动安全管理的基本原则,然而,在实际执行过程中,公安机关承担的不仅仅是监管责任,甚至承担着主要的安保责任。政府的态度、保安市场化运作机制的匮乏、公安机关本身的做法,都在一定程度上影响着大型群众性活动安全管理工作的走向。明确大型群众性活动安全管理责任的归属,可以有效促进大型群众性活动安全管理工作效率和提高安全管理水平。     

监狱执法人员免责机制初探

监狱作为维护社会稳定和政治延续的统治工具,一直默默地发挥着它不可或缺的功能。近年来一系列社会热门事件的发生,使监狱备受瞩目。尤其在信息公开透明且传播迅速的社会里,监狱的安全稳定也成为社会稳定的前提要件。监狱如何构建科学公正的监狱执法人员免责机制,则成为相关理论界与实务界人士共同关注的新视角。     

Predicting motor vehicle crash involvement from a personality measure and a driving knowledge test

Typically, safety‐related driver education programs are aimed at changing knowledge of vehicle operation rules and regulations. However, vehicle crashes are as likely to be related to driver personality variables as they are to the knowledge of vehicle operation and rules and regulations. In a study with 48 licensed drivers, crashes were found to be significantly correlated with conscientiousness, a five‐factor model personality dimension, but not with scores on a driving knowledge test. It would appear that prevention efforts should also be directed at changing conscientiousness‐related behaviors, including an emphasis on goal‐setting, and following rules and regulations.     

Creating a safer working environment through psychological assessment: A review of a measure of safety consciousness

This article explores how organizations can prevent workplace accidents through the psychological assessment of employees. We present a model of employee safety consciousness consisting of personality and attitudinal variables associated with a higher risk of accident involvement. A safety conscious employee is described as one who: has an internal locus of control in matters related to workplace safety, has a high tolerance for work‐related stress, and avoids engaging in high‐risk, sensation‐seeking activities. Relevant research is reviewed and applications of the safety consciousness construct to hiring, promotion and training are discussed.