自然法的理智主义与意志主义之争——中世纪晚期自然法思想研究

中世纪晚期是自然法思想由古代向近现代、由神圣向世俗转变的重要过渡期。宗教、政治、经济和文化等方面的因素程度不同的作用于自然法观念的变迁。其中,启示信仰与哲学、宗教神圣与世俗之间的矛盾冲突构成了其根本的动力。在此基础上,自然法理论的发展呈现为理智主义与意志主义两条不同的进路,它们在有关自然法问题的各个方面展开了激烈的争论,不仅决定了其后自然法理论的走向,也影响着我们当下的选择判断。     

对生前预嘱相关问题的探讨

生前预嘱是指人在意识清楚时签署一份文书来事先表达出自己在生命末期的医疗意愿。本文针对生前预嘱的理解和适用中存在的相关问题作出探讨。本文以尊严死在我国的提出以及生前预嘱在我国的推广现状为基础,从法律的视角分析了生前预嘱的合法性和必要要件,并阐明了在目前的法律框架下生前预嘱还不是生效的法律文件,生前预嘱的落实还需要亲属的同意。本文借鉴其他国家和地区对生前预嘱的立法状况并结合我国的实际,提出了对于放弃治疗和尊严死的理解,以及针对医疗实践中放弃治疗的困惑提出了对放弃治疗应该严格遵循的原则。     

论罪过形式的“知欲构造”——兼论酒后驾车连续撞人事件的罪过定性

＂知＂和＂欲＂可以被分别用来对应罪过理论中的＂认识因素＂和＂意志因素＂。＂知＂和＂欲＂结合在一起所形成的＂知欲构造＂可以用来对罪过形式重新进行分类,而疏忽大意的过失将不属于罪过形式的一种。用＂知欲构造＂对罪过形式所作出的重新分类将有助于在刑法立法上适度紧缩犯罪圈和刑法司法上实现刑法的基本价值。     

论遗嘱处分在财产继承中的优位效力——与法定继承相比较

相对于法定继承而言,遗嘱处分在财产继承中具有优先适用的效力。这种优位效力,不仅体现在继承立法上,而且也反映在具体的司法实务中;遗嘱处分的优位效力取决于私法自治及其支配下的遗嘱自由原则。     

对中国登记离婚制度的评价与反思

The Regulations on Marriage Registration promulgated in 2003 advocates the ideas for autonomy of private law, such as “autonomy of individual will”, “self responsibility” and “self-determination right”, ushering a new era of Chinese divorce registration system from supervision by employed institution to self responsibility, however, such issues also result in excessive freedom and insufficient restriction. In setting up the divorce registration system, therefore, it shall also be considered for the protection of disadvantaged parties and minor children so as to ensure the fairness and justice of law and the harmony and stability of society. Xia Yinlan, LL.D, is a professor and doctoral tutor and the dean of the School of International Studies in China University of Political Science and Law. She is also the vice chairman of Beijing Women’s Federation, the member of the executive committee of China Women’s Federation, the director of Marriage and Family Legal Research Institution under the supervision of China Law Society, the vice director of China Association of Marriage and Family Studies, the standing director of the International Family Law Society, the vice director of Beijing Women’s Law Research Institution. Her major academic interest covers women’s human rights, heritage law and family law. She was once a Fulbright visiting scholar in the United States and a legal expert in Macau Legal Affair Bureau. She’s one of the experts in drafting the P.R.C. Law on the Protection Of Women’s Rights (revised), the Marriage Law of P.R.C. (revised) and the Regulation of Marriage Registration of P.R.C., and she is still active in participating in the legislation activities of China. Prof. Xia wrote or co-wrote more than 20 monographs and textbooks, including American Modern Family and Marriage System, the Freedom and Restriction of Divorce, the Basic Framework Research on Domestic Violence Law, etc. In Chinese and foreign academic journals, more than 60 articles have been released, such as the study on property segmentation in divorce in China, the study on family violence under the framework of women’s rights, the comparison on the factual marriage in Macau and the Mainland of China.     

Mos Geometricus and the Common Law Mind: Interrogating Contract Theory

Euclidian theories have it that there exist one or a small number of apex principles from which the entire fasciculus of rules of contract law can be logically deduced. Two arguments are marshalled against the Euclidian project. First, that it has been unsuccessfully attempted before – in the form of the nineteenth century contract law treatise which emulated the civil lawyer's rationalistic model, mos geometricus – cautioning us against setting much store by its present reincarnation. Second, that the common law's methodology makes it resistant to this form of theorising. Euclidian theory presupposes a picture of rules on which: a) cases involve an application of logically prior rules; b) rules are reliably identifiable by different actors in the legal system; and c) rules normatively range over an indefinite spectrum of future cases. It will be argued that the common law defies this picture of rules thus rendering Euclidian theory analytically impossible.     

论委托代理授权不明时代理人的责任

在委托代理中,一旦出现授权范围、期限等内容不明确的情况,即可导致授权不明。在授权不明的情形下,课以代理人承担连带责任既不符合委托代理制度的基本法律构造,也不利于鼓励交易,影响代理制度功能的发挥。确定授权不明情形下代理人责任,需要先确定被代理人的授权范围以及代理行为的效力,在维护交易安全的前提下充分尊重被代理人的意思自治,由其事后确定授权范围。授权不明情形下代理人的代理行为可能构成有权代理、狭义的无权代理或者表见代理。     

运输毒品罪疑难问题研究

运输毒品是指在一个法域内 ,行为人以流通毒品为目的 ,认识到是毒品但不明知毒品的用途 ,采用各种方式流通毒品 ,并不根据自己的意志使毒品流通于不同的控制者。帮助吸毒者运输、转移毒品的行为可能构成非法持有毒品罪。行为人携带枪支运输毒品的行为应根据不同情况具体分析     

试论卢梭的立法思想

法律思想在卢梭的整个思想中占有举足轻重的地位,而立法理论又是其中最为重要的组成部分。卢梭认为,法律是公意的体现,立法是为了实现正义,而立法是来自于人民的非凡人物,他们制定法律时应遵循自由与平等的原则。     

秦汉时期奸罪论考

古代法中通奸是指男女之间不正当的性行为.通过对秦汉时期和奸、强奸、禽兽行、居丧奸四个种类,约81个事例和案例的考察,认为这一时期性关系比较宽泛,各类奸罪普遍存在,法律对奸罪的处置适用"奸罪非罪"或"奸罪轻刑",其重点打击的奸罪仅为禽兽行.