论非典事件对我国政治的影响

本文从多个角度分析了非典事件对我国政治的影响.认为非典疫情虽然直接危及的是人们的生命健康和社会经济的发展,但它挑战的对象则是我国政治体系的公共管理职能、权力运行方式、社会动员和整合资源的能力等.正是在应对这种挑战的过程中,中国政治获得了相应的进步.因此,如果说非典事件对我国经济影响在结果上主要是负面的话,那么其对政治的影响在结果上则主要是正面的.其影响主要来自三个方面一是疫情危机直接调动了政治体系潜在的一系列制度资源如政务信息公开、责任刚性、公共管理规范化等;这些制度资源在社会常态条件下是难以显现的;二是已调动的政治资源向社会常态管理领域的拓展;三是造成疫情蔓延的政治因素对政治体制改革的警示作用.     

Abweichender Aufteilungsschlüssel nach § 19 WEG 1975 – Übergangsrecht zum 3. WÄG

Nach stRsp bezieht sich die Rückwirkung eines Gesetzes nur auf jene Tatbest?nde, für die sie ausdrücklich ausgesprochen wird. Das übergangsrecht des 3. W?G h?lt am Grundsatz fest, dass neues Recht (hier: nach § 19 Abs 2 WEG 1975 einstimmig schriftlich zu vereinbarender, vom Anteilsverh?ltnis abweichender Aufteilungsschlüssel der Liftkosten) nicht auf Sachverhalte anzuwenden ist, die vor Inkrafttreten der neuen Bestimmung endgültig und abschlie?end verwirklicht worden sind (hier: Mehrheitsvereinbarung der Wohnungseigentümer gem § 19 Abs 1 Z 1 WEG 1975 idF § 56 Z 2 MRG). Auch § 56 Abs 9 WEG 2002 ?ndert nichts daran, dass die seinerzeit von den Wohnungseigentümern geschlossene Mehrheitsvereinbarung nach § 19 Abs 1 Z 1 WEG 1975 weiterhin wirksam bleibt.     

妇女与艾滋病防治

本文从流行现状与特征、干预策略与措施、防治对策及手段等,多角度分析在妇女中开展艾滋病防治健康教育与行为干预工作的必要性、重要性与紧迫性。建议全社会更多地关注女性在艾滋病预防控制工作中的重要地位及所发挥的作用,共同抗击艾滋病对人类健康和社会进步所构成的威胁,倡导共享人类健康文明,实现构建和谐社会的目标。     

The effects of the (fentanyl-fueled) drug overdose epidemic on medicolegal death investigation in the United States

The evolving opioid epidemic in the United States, fueled by illicit fentanyl, has greatly increased deaths from illicit drug use. These nonnatural deaths require formal death investigation. The National Association of Medical Examiners states in its Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards that autopsy remains a necessary component for proper investigation of suspected acute overdose deaths. If a death investigation office lacks adequate resources to investigate all deaths under its jurisdiction while meeting expected standards, then that office may be forced to consider altering its protocols for investigation by changing the types of deaths investigated or the extent of its investigations. Drug death investigations take longer to complete because novel illicit drugs and mixtures of drugs complicate toxicological analyses, prolonging a family's wait for completion of a death certificate and autopsy report. Public health agencies must also wait for results, but some agencies have developed mechanisms for rapid notification of preliminary results to allow timely deployment of public health resources. The increased deaths have strained the resources of medicolegal death investigation systems throughout the United States. Given the significant workforce shortage of forensic pathologists, newly trained forensic pathologists are too few to meet the demand. Nevertheless, forensic pathologists (and all pathologists) must make time to present their work and themselves to medical students and pathology trainees to encourage an understanding of the importance of quality medicolegal death investigation and autopsy pathology and to provide a model that can encourage interest in a career in forensic pathology.     

Lockdown labs: Pivoting to remote learning in forensic science higher education

Forensic Science training and education is reliant on the application of knowledge to casework scenarios and the development of key practical skills that provide a platform for career development in the field. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a number of challenges to effectively deliver practical content online and remotely, whilst still meeting intended learning outcomes, accreditation requirements, and attaining a high level of student engagement and experience. The MSc Forensic Science programme featured in this study is a one-year degree programme with a strong emphasis on the practical elements of forensic science, and a diverse international student cohort. Therefore, the restrictions associated with the pandemic made it very difficult not only to plan the delivery of material but also to adapt the content itself for effective online and remote learning.By focusing on the intended learning outcomes, a number of innovative teaching practices were developed to successfully transition from face-to-face teaching to online and remote delivery. A range of online and practical resources were developed, including a laboratory home kit, demonstration videos, online practical technique simulations (produced by Learning Science), data analysis tasks, and interactive workshops and activities, all designed to consolidate student learning and build confidence, in preparation for such a time that on campus practical teaching could resume. The initial feedback received from these activities from both staff and students was extremely positive and the transition from classroom to online teaching was a success, as reflected in student attainment and later student feedback. Students reported that they had a better understanding of what was expected of them, including knowledge of protocols and techniques, and felt much more confident moving into the next stage of their learning development. Even though the practical laboratory sessions were the most significantly affected by the restrictions associated with the pandemic, and resulted in reduced interaction for the students, this was counteracted by virtual sessions and workshops, which gave students the opportunity to engage with each other and communicate their thoughts and opinions, ultimately building key presentation and group working skills.This case study will detail the pivot to remote learning, as well as critically evaluating the feedback from students and discussing the changes that are likely to be retained as longer-term teaching practices, versus those that were a necessary temporary addition or adjustment in response to the pandemic.     

Forensic examination of security features of the CDC-issued COVID-19 vaccination card and suggested improvements to minimize counterfeiting

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States released the CDC-issued vaccination card to document the status of immunizations. It eventually was used as a verification system to allow patrons to safely access public venues. This is/was apparently a simple printed piece of paper with minimal security features which made it an easy target for counterfeiters with little expertise required. Those unvaccinated who wished to enter areas that required proof of the COVID-19 vaccine were soon finding alternative illegal methods to do so which led to public health concerns. This research was divided into two parts. Part A aimed to forensically identify the security features with a video spectral comparator and a stereomicroscope. Ten “known” blank cards were collected directly from dispensaries that administered the vaccine and 68 “unknowns” from individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccine. Part B aimed to evaluate the authentication systems employed by countries outside the United States to propose a model on how the vaccination card could be improved and what security features should be included for future instances requiring proof of immunization. The results revealed the CDC document was produced with minimal security features making the document prone to counterfeiting. Furthermore, based on the information collected from other countries' vaccination certificates, it is recommended to develop a dual authentication system, with digital and printable aspects, that contains a QR code linked to a database. Other security features may include a non-optical brightener substrate, security fibers, a watermarked logo, offset printing, and a geographical color-coded system.     

Radical Islam and the struggle for influence in Central Asia

The threat of an Iranian‐style Islamic takeover of the newly independent states of Central Asia is currently more of a potential than actual threat to the secular rulers of these countries. Nonetheless, economic, environmental and nationality problems render these rulers vulnerable to a future Islamic potential challenge. The threat of Islam has been used by local leaders to justify dictatorships and intervene in neighboring countries, while foreign governments, such as Turkey and Israel, have sought to exploit the threat of Islam in Central Asia to strengthen their support from the United States. By contrast, Iran has downplayed the Islamic factor in its foreign policy toward these new republics and as a result has enhanced its relationship with Russia, which seeks to establish its hegemony over the region.     

Correspondence

This article surveys the problems facing the existence of intellectuals in the twenty-first century by reflecting on the historical and conceptual conditions that have enabled them to flourish in the past but less so in recent times. The first part considers several strands of contemporary philosophical and social thought that, despite their progressive veneer, have served to undermine the legitimacy of the intellectual's role. This delegitimation is largely traceable to a scepticism about the existence of ideas that are simultaneously normative and manipulable. The second part deals with the rise of anti-intellectualism in philosophy and psychology in the twentieth century, focusing especially on the debates surrounding ‘psychologism’. The third part examines what remains the most attractive expression of anti-intellectualism, namely, invisible-hand thinking and its late nineteenth-century transformation through the influence of statistics, evolution and epidemiology. In the conclusion, the main strands of the argument are drawn together in a sketch of an overall account of the rise and fall of the intellectual in the modern era. Finally, I provide one strategy for stemming the current tide of anti-intellectualism by reinterpreting the currently popular concept of ‘heuristics’.     

中国朝鲜族H19基因上游差异甲基化区SNP分布

目的调查中国朝鲜族群体中H19基因上游差异甲基化区(differentially methylated region,DMR)SNP及单倍型分布,为法医学应用及群体遗传学研究提供基础数据。方法收集中国朝鲜族101份无关个体血样和14份来自5个亲缘关系已知的两代家系血样,用PCR-循环测序、McrBC消化DNA后PCR方法检测H19基因上游DMR的SNP,并用亲源印记等位基因(parentally imprinted allele,PIA)分型法进行单倍型检测,再计算相关遗传学参数。结果在H19基因上游DMR 1174bp的目的基因扩增产物中,共检出13个SNP(rs10840167、rs2525883、rs12417375、rs4930101、rs2525882、rs2735970、rs2735971、rs11042170、rs2735972、rs10732516、rs2071094、rs2107425、rs4930098)和5种单倍型,有9个SNP属于高鉴别能力的遗传标记,其单倍型具有较高的个人识别率,单倍型平均基因多样性(GD)为0.714。应用McrBC酶消化基因组DNA的PIA分型法确定了家系子代样本的母源单倍型。结论 H19基因上游DMR在中国朝鲜族群体中具有很高的遗传多态性,母源单倍型的确定进一步提高了印记基因的法医学鉴定效能。     

Genotype profile for fifteen tetranucleotide repeat loci in two Tibeto-Burman speaking tribal populations of Arunachal Pradesh, India

POPULATION: Two Tibeto-Burman-speaking Adi tribal populations of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Adi Pasi ( n =121) from Upper Siang district, and Adi Minyong ( n =33) from East Siang district were analyzed for polymorphisms at 15 microsatellite loci. The populations belong to Mongoloid ethnicity and are of special significance in genetic studies due to their small population size, relative isolation in remote hilly areas, and traditional subsistence patterns.