论数码照相在刑事技术领域中的应用

数码照相是近十年来新兴的现代摄影技术 ,具有传统摄影技术不可比拟的优点 ,目前 ,已广泛应用于刑事技术领域中的证件照片、刑事现场照相、尸体辨认照片、模糊图像信息处理、照片资料存档等各个方面。至于在记录常规痕迹物证方面 ,尽管业内一部分人士尚存有惟恐“照片失真”的担心 ,但只要制定出严格的行业标准 ,借以规范痕迹物证数码照相的操作 ,就能够趋利避害 ,充分发挥数码照相的优势 ,使数码照相在刑事技术领域中发挥越来越大的作用。     

浅谈英语阅读能力的培养

整体阅读法优于逐字逐句这一低效率的阅读方式 ;注意运用略读、查读、猜测与预测、推论等阅读技巧 ;挑选并向学生推荐新颖、趣味性强、贴近生活、涵盖面宽、难度适中的英文材料 ,解决阅读量不足的问题 ,是提高阅读能力的重要因素。     

PAP免疫组织化学技术检测血小板膜糖蛋白

<正> 血小板膜糖蛋白 GPⅠ_b 和 GPⅢa 在血小板粘附、聚集中起着极其重要的作用。为了直接检测组织中血小板粘附、聚集和血栓形成,我们建立了应用抗人血小板膜糖蛋白 GPⅠ_b和 GPⅢa 的单克隆抗体的 PAP 免疫组织化学技术,并首次对该技术在法医学中的应用进行了初步探讨。     

Use of subpopulation data in Australian forensic DNA casework

DNA profiling evidence presented in court should be accompanied by a reliable estimate of its evidential weight. In calculating such statistics, allele frequencies from commonly employed autosomal microsatellite loci are required. These allele frequencies should be collected at a level that appropriately represents the genetic diversity that exists in the population. Typically this occurs at broadly defined bio-geographic categories, such as Caucasian or Asian. Datasets are commonly administered at the jurisdictional level. This paper focuses on Australian jurisdictions and assesses whether this current practice is appropriate for Aboriginal Australian and Caucasian populations alike. In keeping with other studies we observe negligible differences between Caucasian populations within Australia when segregated geographically. However segregation of Aboriginal Australian population data along contemporary State and Territory lines appears to mask the diversity that exists within this subpopulation. For this reason datasets collated along more traditional lines may be more appropriate, particularly to distinguish the most genetically differentiated populations residing in the north of the continent.     

Successful DNA typing of ultrafiltered urines used to detect EPO doping

Endogenous and exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) present in urine can be distinguished according to their isoelectric profiles. This methodology requires urine samples to be concentrated about 200 to 1000 times with manipulations that should remove most of the cells occurring in the original sample. In this study, we tried to obtain DNA profiles from 10 ultrafiltered urines (retentates) in order to evaluate whether a formal genetic identification was technically feasible. No nuclear DNA profiles could be established from retentates, despite 34 PCR-cycles amplifications. Contrastingly, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles were obtained for 9 out of the 10 retentates. Apart from some particularities, retentate mtDNA profiles were all distinct and matched mtDNA profiles of corresponding reference samples.     

Y-STR analysis on DNA mixture samples—Results of a collaborative project of the ENFSI DNA Working Group

The ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) DNA Working Group undertook a collaborative project on Y-STR typing of DNA mixture samples that were centrally prepared and thoroughly tested prior to the shipment. Four commercial Y-STR typing kits (Y-Filer, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA; Argus Y Nonaplex, Biotype, Dresden, Germany; Powerplex Y, Promega, Madison, WI, USA; and DYSplex-3, SERAC, Bad Homburg, Germany) were used for the amplification of the mixture samples. The results of the study showed a striking inter-laboratory difference of kit performance as determined from the peak heights of the obtained Y-STR genotypes. Variation in quantity and quality of the shipped DNA can be excluded as reason for the observed differences because both samples and shipping conditions were found to be reproducible in an earlier study. The results suggest that in some cases a laboratory-specific optimization process is indicated to reach a comparable sensitivity for the analysis of minute amounts of DNA.     

Implementation of a robotized real-time PCR setup for the use of the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit

Human DNA quantification occupies a central role within the DNA analytic process of forensic casework samples as DNA quantification results have an important impact on the quality of the short tandem repeat data. Manual processing for the setup of quantification reactions can be time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore automation of quantitative real-time PCR setup was an important component of our DNA-analysis automation concept. Here we show the implementation of a robotized setup for the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit.     

Object-oriented Bayesian networks for paternity cases with allelic dependencies

This study extends the current use of Bayesian networks by incorporating the effects of allelic dependencies in paternity calculations. The use of object-oriented networks greatly simplify the process of building and interpreting forensic identification models, allowing researchers to solve new, more complex problems. We explore two paternity examples: the most common scenario where DNA evidence is available from the alleged father, the mother and the child; a more complex case where DNA is not available from the alleged father, but is available from the alleged father’s brother. Object-oriented networks are built, using HUGIN, for each example which incorporate the effects of allelic dependence caused by evolutionary relatedness.     

浅论经济犯罪的立体思维法

立体思维又称空间思维,是一种反映对象整体及其与周围事物所构成立体联系的创造性思维方法。经济犯罪是刑事犯罪的重要组成部分,它会随着商品经济的发展而日益多样化、复杂化。在办理各类经济案件的过程中,可以发现经济犯罪往往随着时间与空间的因素、政治体制、经济形态、社会结构、伦理道德、价值判断标准的发展,而在认定上发生变化。所以,有必要在此基础上提出“立体思维法”的新型的侦查方法。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒四川分离株N基因DNA免疫质粒的构建

采用SDS 蛋白酶K法抽提鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)四川分离株SAIBWJ的基因组RNA,参照基因库中的N基因序列设计了1对引物,扩增出了单一的DNA产物。将该产物插入pUC18载体的HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点,构建了pUC NWJ质粒。序列测定结果表明,获得的克隆质粒包含了全部N基因。再将N基因亚克隆到pcDNA3.1( )载体的HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切位点,构建了IBVSAIBWJN基因的DNA免疫质粒pcDNA NWJ。