德国法上多数股东的忠实义务

多数股东的忠实义务不仅要求股东不得侵害公司和其他股东的合法权益 ,而且还要求其适当地顾及公司和其他股东的利益。多数股东的忠实义务在德国判例法和理论界均经历了从否认该项义务到有限承认直至最终完全确认该项义务的发展过程。有关股东忠实义务的理论基础的讨论 ,在德国有多种理论学说。股东忠实义务不是一项抽象的法律原则 ,而应具体化。     

德国警察制度简析

本文系统地介绍评述了德国的警察制度:分别从联邦与州两个层面着重讨论了德国警察机构的设立依据、组织原则、具体机构的管辖范围、管辖权限、人员组成、机构之间的相互关系,乃至警察机关与检察院等司法机关之间的关系等问题,并在适当的地方作了与我国相似机构的对比,最后对德国错综复杂的警察制度作了全局性的总结与分析。     

Regime change and the convergence of democratic value orientations through socialization. Evidence from reunited Germany

Theories of socialization and political culture claim that public ideas about how a democracy should be shaped will only change slowly after regime changes. Thus, citizens’ value orientations should converge after a replacement of generations and through institutional learning. Pertaining to the development and convergence of individual conceptions of democracy or democratic value orientations, these assumptions have not yet been tested empirically. This article therefore provides an empirical test, drawing on the case of German reunification as a natural experiment. I analyse the development of democratic value orientations based on data from the sixth wave of the European Social Survey using both factor and cohort analysis. The findings provide strong support for the assumptions of socialization theories: More than 20 years after reunification, people who grew up in East Germany still show a higher affiliation to a socialist model of democracy than people socialized in the West, who instead show higher support for a liberal model. However, differences in democratic value orientations are converging for citizens less than 30 years of age across Germany, the first generation socialized entirely in a democratic political system.     

Is there an intrinsic duty to vote? Comparative evidence from East and West Germans

The duty to vote is a strong predictor of turnout, but little is known of its source, leaving much ambiguity around the nature of the motivation. This article shows that a powerful pathway lies in the ethical commitment many individuals feel to their nations. When the state is seen as an extension of one's national community, this national obligation is politicized toward state affairs, including the duty to vote. Conversely, when this linkage is weak or absent, an intrinsic duty to vote is weakened. By revising a key assumption in the traditional calculus of voting, I derive a statistical model to identify a nation-based, intrinsic duty to vote. The model is tested in Germany, where different experiences with unification in the East versus West yield contrasting predictions on an intrinsic duty to vote. The findings suggest new strategies for get-out-the-vote efforts to target the nationalistic source of the duty to vote.     

德国刑事诉讼法中的证据使用禁止

本文从批判性的视角概述了德国刑事诉讼法中关于证据采纳或者说是关于证据禁止的问题。证据禁止区分为非自主性证据使用禁止和自主性证据使用禁止。非自主性证据使用禁止可能是由于公诉中初步侦查时的取证错误导致的。就是否适用非自主性证据使用禁止这一问题，德国司法官会从几个方面加以考虑，例如，犯罪的严重性或者是取证错误的严重性。自主性证据使用禁止是由于侵犯了个人隐私。例如，私人日记不能作为证据使用。     

The Cuban Experience in East Germany: Academic Migration from 1960 to 2000

The partnership between revolutionary Cuba and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) offered a route for migration that had not been possible before. While academic exchange aimed to construct a socialist society in Cuba and strengthen the Socialist Bloc, as well as serving the economic and political interests of both states, the creation of a transnational academic elite and of intellectual collectives across borders also occurred as a by‐product of the exchange. This article shows how these ‘by‐products’ came into existence, and how academic exchange can be influenced by political, financial and organisational limitations.     

德国的民事速裁程序制度及其借鉴意义

从德国《民事诉讼法》的发展历程来看，简化程序、促进诉讼、加快审判一直是其追求的主要目标。而在此过程中，德国的民事速裁程序制度也逐渐形成、完善并呈现出鲜明特色。深入、系统地研究该制度的基本内容、主要特征及其形成原因与理论思想，对于构建我国的民事速裁程序制度具有重要借鉴意义。     

第一次共产党人参加的欧洲1848年革命流光溢彩

欧洲1948年革命烈火燃遍十八国,历时一年九个月,终于被法、德、奥、俄等国反动势力联合扑灭。这场革命就总体而言是资产阶级民主革命和民族独立革命,但是由于无产阶级已作为独立政治力量登场,由于有德国和法国共产党人参加,终于创造了新奇迹。巴黎六月工人起义是无产阶级第一次武装夺取政权的社会主义革命。马克思、恩格斯率领德国共产党人开展了报刊斗争、群众斗争、议会斗争、武装斗争和法庭斗争,革命失败后他们又系统总结了革命经验,为发展世界社会主义运动和科学社会主义理论留下了丰富的政治资源和理论财富。     

德国《著作权法》第八修正案评介——报刊出版者权:互联网时代的立法倒退?

于2013年8月1日生效的德国《著作权法》第八修正案创设了一项新的邻接权—报刊出版者权。这项权利是指报刊出版者在报刊产品出版后一年内,对其享有以商业目的进行网络传播的专有权,其主要用于对抗以Google为代表的搜索引擎和新闻聚合器在互联网上免费使用报刊产品的行为。根据德国《著作权法》第八修正案出台的背景、目的、过程、主要内容及其反响,就报刊出版者权的正当性、必要性及权利行使的可能性进行评析。德国《著作权法》此次修改反映了互联网时代日渐式微的传统媒体与作为后起之秀的互联网巨头之间的利益格局的重新调整。     

马克思恩格斯意识形态批判及其意义——《德意志意识形态》中的意识形态批判思想

“从天上降到人间”是德意志意识形态虚假性的根源,正确理解意识形态产生发展过程及其实践意义的思考路径是“从人间到天国”;意识形态具有阶级性和历史性,对德意志意识形态的批判是消灭旧世界、发现新世界的重要理论支点.马克思恩格斯关于德意志意识形态批判的论述和思想,对当前我国意识形态的维护与发展以及文化建设有重要的指导意义.