Are There Any Global Egalitarian Rights?

This article considers whether or not there are any global egalitarian rights through a critical examination of the political philosophy of Ronald Dworkin. Although Dworkin maintains that equal concern is the special and indispensable virtue of sovereigns and the hallmark of a fraternal political community, it is far from obvious whether the demands of equality stop at state borders. While some scholars in the field—most notably Thomas Pogge—posit the existence of negative rights in relation to social and economic inequalities at the global level, here I try to defend the existence of positive global egalitarian rights by appealing to Dworkin’s own two principles of ethical individualism. I also set out the framework for a version of what I call global luck egalitarianism based on Dworkin’s equality of resources and try to respond to David Miller’s charge that comparative principles of justice do not apply at the global level.

A Political Economy Perspective of Judicial Review in the European Union: Judicial Appointments Rule, Accessibility and Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice

The paper examines the benefits the sovereign member states of the EU expect to derive by granting the European Court of Justice the power to review the collective policy making decisions of the EU legislative bodies. Using the methodology of constitutional political economy it investigates the one-country one-judge rule of judicial appointments in the ECJ, the restrictions imposed on litigants to access the ECJ and the limits on the jurisdiction of the ECJ to review EU legislation. It also analyses how the presence of judicial review affects the size of the policy measures taken by the policy makers.     

全球减排路线图的正义性——对胡鞍钢教授的全球减排路线图的评价与修正

任何全球减排路线图的绘制都无法脱离国际正义而具有生命力。气候变化问题的特性要求全球减排路线图尊重具有两面性的国际气候正义:环境正义和发展正义,需要考虑国家间公平、人的公平和代际公平。仅以人类发展指数(HDI)作为衡量国家承担减排责任的标准缺乏足够的正义,至少还需要加入人均历史累积排放和气候变化脆弱性两个指标。三者分别体现气候变化正义性中的人的平等发展权、减排责任分担和对受害者在排放权上的补偿。综合三大指标后的四分组分类,才是更体现正义性、更容易被接受和执行的路线图。从正义性出发,中国应承担相应的减排责任,并努力推动全球减排进程,但也要注意维护自身的发展权益。中国在全球减排中的作为,应是在国际正义与国家发展战略间取得平衡。     

两种正义观与两种立法精神——从西塞罗谈起

在人类生活与历史中体现出来的正义是绝对而永恒的,还是只是相对而临时的?这个问题的分歧导致了两种正义观。永恒正义观把正义法则看作是人-神或天-人共有的法则,因而不只是"人法",同时也是"天理"与"神律",它不仅涉及人世间的利益关系,而且涉及人-神(天-人)之间的神圣关系;而相对正义观则把正义法则仅仅看作人世间的利益关系的法则,只涉及利益关系,因而正义法则只是世间的人法,而不具有任何神圣性。两种正义观产生两种立法精神:有超越维度的立法精神与没有超越维度的立法精神。对理性的自由的觉悟,是认识正义法则绝对性与立法精神超越性的一个根本性进步。     

关于恐怖活动、正义与自卫的一些想法

在20世纪90年代,那些自诩为"开化国家"建立了"国际关系的新规范",即他们有权动用武力去保护惨遭邪恶怪兽蹂躏的人们。任何熟悉历史的人都清楚,所谓"动用武力拯救被压迫人民"的规范革命决非什么新东西,而是欧洲帝国主义的老调重调和日本法西斯的花言巧语。美国及其盟国对南联盟的轰炸及对米诺什维奇的审判,中东政策,对国际恐怖主义的谴责和对阿富汗和伊拉克的反恐战争等等,都是他们这一游戏规则的范例。这些范例说明这一"规范"是强者制定的,也是符合强者利益的。     

Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer

This article examines two contrasting proposals for the reform of criminal appeals: the government's recent proposal that the guilty should no longer have their convictions quashed on 'technicalities'; and calls by campaigners for the Court of Appeal to consider innocence rather than the 'safety of the conviction,' together with their associated attempts to establish Innocence Projects in the UK. Despite the rhetorical power of 'innocence' as a campaigning tool, it is contended that to import such a standard into the legal system would be retrogressive and counter-productive, both as a safeguard against wrongful convictions and in protecting the integrity of the system. In order to be meaningful, due process protections must apply to all. The government's proposals attack this principle directly; innocence campaigners risk unwittingly assisting their endeavours.     

转型期我国公共政策的价值取向论析

公共政策的价值取向问题是公共政策分析的基础理论问题。基于政策的公共性指向、市场经济体制业已初步确立及渐进改革累积的大量社会问题,转轨时期的公共政策的价值观应以社会公平为第一要义,以“公平基础上的效率”替代“效率基础上的公平,”塑造和维护社会公平,为社会和谐有序发展奠定基础。     

国际组织的隐含权力及其限制

常设国际法院和国际法院在对国际组织章程解释的实践中，发展出了国际组织具有隐含权力这样的理论。这一理论极大地促进了国际组织和国际组织法的发展。国际法院则在进一步的实践中，指出了隐含权力理论适用的限制。这有利于保持国际法体系特别是联合国体系的统一性和有效性。     

论罗尔斯多元正义论的形成

罗尔斯的正义理论包括两个原则即平等自由原则和差别原则。他运用“词典式”序列说明了两个原则的优先关系。罗尔斯立足于当时的社会现实 ,集中批判了传统功利主义 ,从新自由主义立场出发来解决当代社会正义问题 ,形成多元正义论。