Violence in the city that belongs to no one: urban distinctiveness and interconnected insecurities in Nairobi (Kenya)

ABSTRACT

Rapid urbanisation in the global South has prompted attention to the causes and dynamics of urban violence. Yet, much research tends to either analyse urban violence without attention to the broader conflict complexes of which it forms a part, neglecting linkages between different forms of urban violence and between urban and rural dynamics, or conversely study violence in cities without acknowledging the particularities of the urban context. In this article, we conceptualise urban violence, theorise how it is shaped by urban dynamics and explore its manifestations in Nairobi, Kenya. We find that while Nairobi is not uniquely violent inside Kenya, violence takes on distinct urban forms given city-level processes, and also that urban violence has led to policies that increase securitisation and militarisation of the city. Our analysis thus improves knowledge of how criminal and political violence is shaped by and shapes the stability of developing cities.     

“省直管县”相关概念辨析

近年来,国内关于“省直管县”体制改革的呼声越来越高,然而,学界在对“省直管县”体制改革进行研究的过程中普遍存在着概念混淆和滥用现象.本文对“市管县”、“省管县”、“财政省直管县”、“行政省直管县”、“强县扩权”、“扩权强县”等相关概念及其相互关系进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了“省直管县”体制改革模式及其演进逻辑.     

农民增收的金钥匙:优化分工与提升人力资本

农民增收难,根本原因是农民人力资本存量不足、结构不合理,农民被排斥在较高端的分工与分配体系之外。优化分工、提升农民人力资本能带动农民收入增长,带来财富增长效应与财富配给效应。建议大力发展中小企业,促进区域内专业化分工;放开国内市场,着力发展第三产业;增加教育培训等公共品的提供,引导农民契合较高端的社会分工;鼓励农民增加人力资本投资并保障农民收益。     

榆林建设低碳城市的战略思考

建设低碳城市是榆林市的重大战略选择,榆林建设低碳城市具有显著的比较优势、后发优势和政策优势。榆林全面建设低碳城市的战略路径须从制定低碳城市规划、推进产业低碳化发展、实施更严格的低碳生产技术标准、打造低碳示范社区和消费低碳化等方面入手。     

贵阳城市文化的多元性发展分析

在现代化的进程中，贵阳城市文化基于历史和现实多种因素，呈现出多元化的发展特征，历史传统文化、红色文化、生态文化和民族地域文化等构成了多元城市文化的主要内容。     

交通事故脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残评定有关问题

在交通事故受伤人员脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残评定中,由于《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》中涉及精神伤残评定条款内容可操作性差,精神伤残评定客观检查及量化指标较少,导致评定意见不一致,给交通事故理赔带来困难。在此就精神伤残评定技术操作中的有关问题提出一些经验性观点。     

廉洁城市定位及建设策略

建设廉洁城市是建设中国特色现代小康城市及和谐社会的必由之路,应置于战略的高度,按照"标本兼治、注重治本、惩防并举、重在建设、旨在落实"的方针,确立社会文明和谐、城市风清气正、法治健全严明、诚信自律规范、市政绿色利民和市民富而不奢的定位,并以学习为先导、以制度为保障、以评监为手段、以文化为载体,进行系统谋划和整体部署,不断提高认知力、增强支持力,加强约束力、强化执行力、提升保障力、丰富感染力。     

3D Finite Element Model of Human Knee Injuries in the Traffic Accident

Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by estab lishing a 3D finite element （FE） model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patel la, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain re sults were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. Results The re suits derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. Conclusion The simu lation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.     

文明城市建设与传统文化弘扬

文明城市的建设不能停留在政府自上而下的强力推动层面上，必须在建设过程中形成多数市民广泛认同的城市精神。城市精神的形成又有赖于对传统文化的弘扬。当然，这个过程不是一蹴而就的，而是一个复杂的文化网络的“内生化”过程。